常用的前缀和后缀.docx

1、常用的前缀和后缀一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-：concerning the air of aircraft planeaeroplane spaceaerospace anti-：against；opposite of nuclearantinuclear matterantimatter warantiwar auto-：of or by oneself biographyautobiography criticismautocriticism be-：to treat as the stated thing friendbefriend littlebelittle bi

2、-：two；twice；double lingualbilingual cyclebicycle bio-：concerning living things chemistrybiochemistry spherebiosphere by-，bye-：less important produceby-produce waybyway centi-：hundredth part gradecentigrade metercentimeter co-：together，with authorcoauthor existcoexist col-：( used before l ) together，

3、with locationcollocation com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passioncompassion con-：together，with centricconcentric federationconfederation contra-：opposite dictioncontradiction naturalcontranatural cor-：( used before r ) together，with relatecorrelate respondcorrespond counter-：opposite actcoun

4、teract attackcounterattack cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them countrycrosscountry breedcrossbreed de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce codedecode valuedevalue dis-：not；the opposite of advantagedisadvantage agreedisagree honestdishonest em-：( used before b，m，p ) to

5、cause to become bodyembody powerempower en-：to cause to become；to make dangerendanger largeenlarge ex-：former ( and still living ) ministerex-minister wifeex-wife extra-：outside；beyond curricularextracurricular ordinaryextraordinary fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front armforearm warnforewarn

6、il-：( used before l ) not legalillegal literateilliterate im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moralimmoral possibleimpossible in-：not directindirect sensitiveinsensitive infra-：below in a range；beyond redinfrared structureinfrastructure inter-：between；among changeinterchange nationalinternational intra-：i

7、nside，within；into cityintracity departmentintra-department ir-：（used before r）not regularirregular responsibleirresponsible kilo-：thousand gramkilogram meterkilometer macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economicsmacroeconomics structuremacrostructure mal-：bad

8、or badly functionmalfunction treatmaltreat micro-：extremely small computermicrocomputer electronicsmicroelectronics mid-：middle daymidday nightmidnight mini-：small；short busminibus skirtminiskirt mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortunemisfortune understandmisunderstand mono-：one；single planemonop

9、lane tonemonotone multi-：more than one；many purposemultipurpose nationalmultinational non-：not residentnon(-)resident sensenonsense out-：outside；beyond liveoutlive dooroutdoor over-：too much；above；additional headoverhead timeovertime poly-：many centricpolycentric syllabicpolysyllabic post-：later tha

10、n；after graduatepostgraduate warpostwar pre-：before；in advance payprepay warprewar pro-：in favor of，supporting Americapro-America abortionpro-abortion pseudo-：not real；false namepseudonym sciencepseudoscience re-：again；back to the former state unitereunite usereuse self-：by means of oneself or itsel

11、f；of，to，with，for，or in oneself or itself employedself-employed taughtself-taught semi-：half；partly circlesemicircle finalsemifinal step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried motherstepmother childrenstepchildren sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger whole dividesub

12、divide sectionsubsection super-：more，larger，greater than usual marketsupermarket naturalsupernatural tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communicationtelecommunication screentelescreen therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistrythermochemistry meterthermometer trans-: across, on or to the

13、other side of ; between Atlantictransatlantic planttransplant tri-: three; three times angulartriangular cycletricycle ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modernultramodern soundultrasound un-: not certainuncertain fortunateunfortunate under-: too little; below developunderdevelop seaundersea uni-: one,

14、 singer formuniform directionalunidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below chairmanvice-chairman presidentvice-president 2.常用后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability，-ibility ableability flexibleflexibility -age postpostage shortshortage -al arrivearrival refuserefusal -an，-ian，-arian librarylibrarian musicmusician -a

15、nce，-ence appearappearance referreference -ancy，-ency emergeemergency expectexpectancy -ant，-ent applyapplicant correspondcorrespondent -cy accurateaccuratcy privateprivacy -dom kingkingdom freefreedom -ee employemployee interviewinterviewee -er，-or，-ar paintpainter begbeggar -ery bravebravery slave

16、slavery -ese ChinaChinaese JapanJapanese -ess actoractress waiterwaitress -ful handhandful spoonspoonful -hood childchildhood manmanhood -ics electronelectronics linguistlinguistics -ion，-ition，-ation collectcollection observeobservation -ism MarxMarxism socialistsocialism -ist psychiatrypsychiatris

17、t violinviolinist -ity，-ty cruelcruelty purepurity -ment movemovement retireretirement -ness darkdarkness happyhappiness -ology climateclimatology futurefuturology -ship friendfriendship scholarscholarship -sion，-ssion decidedecision expandexpansion -th growgrowth widewidth -ure closeclosure exposee

18、xposure (2)动词前缀 -en deepdeepen fastfasten -ify classclassify simplesimplify -ize，-ise modernmodernize / modernize popularpopularize / popularize (3)形容词后缀 -able，-ible suitsuitable questionquestionable -al naturenatural structurestructural -an，-arian，-ian suburbsuburban CanadaCanadian -ant，-ent differ

19、different pleasepleasant -ary，-ory adviseadvisory customcustomary -ate considerconsiderate fortunefortunate -en goldgolden woodwooden -ese ChinaChinese JapanJapanese -free carecarefree dutyduty-free -ful carecareful painpainful -ic，-ical atomatomic psychologypsychological -ish girlgirlish childchild

20、ish -ive createcreative supportsupportive -less hopehopeless painpainless -like childchildlike ladyladylike -ly manmanly monthmonthly -ous，-ious dangerdangerous poisonpoisonous -some tiretiresome troubletroublesome -ward downdownward upupward -y guilt-guilty noise-noisy (4)副词后缀 -ly easy-easily heavy

21、-heavily -ward，-wards east-eastward(s) north-northward(s) -wise clock-clockwise other-otherwise 前缀 1, a- 1) 加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”。 acentric； amoral； 2) 加在单词前，表示“在，的” asleep； aside 2, ab-, abs- 加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去” abnormal,； abuse 3, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再”等加强意

22、。 accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract 4, ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强”。 adapt, adopt, adjoin, adjust, adventure 5, amphi- “两个，两种”。 amphibian 6, an-在词根前，表示“不，无”。 anonymous, anarchism 7, ana-表示“错误，在旁边，分开” analogy, analysis 8, ante-表示“前面，先” antedate, anterior, antecedent 9, anti-表示“反对，相反” antiwar, antitank,

23、antibody 10, apo- 表示“离开，远离” apogee 11, auto-“自动，自己” automobile, automatic, autograph 12, be- 1） 构成动词，表示“使成为” befall, befriend, behold 2） 构成介词 beside, behind, below, before, beneath 13, bene-“善，好” benefaction, benediction, beneficent 14, bi-表示“两个” biweekly, bilingual, biennial, 15, by-“在旁边，副的” byroad

24、, byway, bywork 16, circum-“环绕，周围” 17, co-表示“共同”，通常方在元音词根前。 Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide 18, col-, cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同”。 collapse, colleague, collect 19, com-, con- “共同” combine, compassion, commotion, 20,contra-表示“反对，相反” contrary, contradict, contravene, 21,counter-表示“反对，相反” counteract, co

25、unterbalance, 22,de- 表示“去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下”等 destruction, demobilize. desalt 表示“使成为，加强”等 depict 表示“两个，双” dichromatic, dioxide 表示“使变成，分开，离开” digest 24,dia- 表示“穿过，二者之间” dialogue, diameter 25,dif- 和辅音重复表示“不，否定，分开” differ, difference, diffident 26,dis- 表示“不，消失掉” dislike, disorder, dishonest 表示“分开，分离” dispar

26、t, disseminate, dispense 27，dys-表示“坏，不良” dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction 28,e-,ef- 表示“出，出来” evaluate, elongate, elaborate 29,em-,en- 表示“进入之中，包围” embrace, embed, empathy 表示“使进入状态” empower, embitter, embody 30,epi-表示“在上，在周围，在后面” epidermal, epidemic, epigram 31,eu-表示“好，优秀” eulogize, euphemism, euphoni

27、ous 32,ex- 表示“出，出去” export, exclude, expel 表示“前面的，前任的” ex-wife, ex-president, 33,exo-表示“外部的，外面” exogamy, exotic 34,extra-表示“以外的，超过的” extracurriculum, extraordinary, 35,fore-表示“前面，预先” foresee, forehead, forestall 36,hetero-表示“异类，异种” heterosexual, heterodoxy, 37,homo-表示“同类的” homogeneous, homonym 38,hy

28、per-表示“超过，太多” hyperactive, hypersensitive, 39,hypo-表示“下面，次等” hypodermic, hypocrisy, hypocrite 40,il-, ir- 放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无” illegal, illiterate, illogical, 表示“使成为，进入” illustrate, illuminate, illusion, 41,im-,in- 表示“不，无，非” impossible, immoral, impolite, 表示“向内，进入” import, imprison, immigrate 42,inter-表示“在之间，相互” international, interpersonal, 43,intro-表示“向内，入内” introduce, introspect, introvert 44,macro-表示“宏伟，大” macroworld, macrostructure, 45,mal-表示“坏，恶”（亦作male） malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition 46,micro-表示“微，小”