高中直接引语和间接引语讲义教师版+学生版.docx
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高中直接引语和间接引语讲义教师版+学生版
高中直接引语变间接引语
精讲精练大全
——《教师用》讲义+《学生用》资料
直接引语变间接引语（教师用）
引入：
Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”
Hesaidthathewasverysorry.
（教师在黑板上写下两个句子，要求学生把句子誊抄到他们手里《学生用》资料上，提问学生“这两个句子之间有什么联系和区别？
”）
————————————————————————————————————————
原理、规则精讲
1、何谓“引语”？
：
引述（引用）或转述（转达）别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引语：
（引用）
间接引语：
（转达）
直接引用别人的原话（两边用引号“”标出）。
用自己的语言转述别人的话（不需要引号）。
2、“直接引语”V.S.“间接引语”
区别：
联系：
（上图所示）
都是“引语”
●所以：
两者可以相互转换。
●考点：
“直引”转化为“间引”。
●重要概念：
引述动词
（引述分句）Hesaid（引述动词）thathewasverysorry.（转述分句）
要求学生把“引述动词填入said右边的斜括号中”
3、如何转换？
1．改写以下“三方面”
人称；
时间状语、地点状语
时态
句式
词对词
式对式
义对义
4、“词对词”
●人称的转变：
“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
Shesaid,"Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称，如：
HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?
"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
MrSmithsaid,"Jackisagoodworker."——→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.——→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.
Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——→Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.
●时间状语、地点状语、某些对比性的指示代词和动词：
较固定，量身打造。
“词对词”状语转换一览表
时间状语
地点状语
某些指示代词
某些方向性动词
now→then
today→thatday
Thisweek/year→thatweek/year
yesterday→thedaybefore
lastweek/year→theweek/year
twodaysago→twodaysbefore
tomorrow→thenext/followingday
nextweek→thenext/followingweek
inthreehours→
threehourslater/afterwards
here→there
this→that
these→those
come→go
bring→take
5、“式对式”
1．时态的转变：
●“时态逆移规则”
“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.
→Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.
Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”
EXE.
→Tomsaidthatthey_were____listeningtothepopmusic.
Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?
”
→MotheraskedmewhetherI__had______finishied__myhomeworkbeforeI_watched____TV.
即，“时态逆移规则”：
直接引语改为间接引语时，只有在引述动词（主句动词）如果是过去时，转述分句（从句）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态:
时态逆移一览表（箭头右侧为空）
一般式
进行式
完成式
一般过去时→过去完成时
一般现在时→一般过去时
一般将来时→过去将来时
过去进行时、现在进行时
→过去进行时
将来进行时→过去将来进行时
过去完成时、现在完成时
→过去完成时
将来完成时→过去将来完成时
2．有时，转述分句的时态无需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移
●以下为无时态逆移的例子，试总结规律：
①Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——→Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.
②Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——→Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelp
me.
③Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.
④Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”
——→Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.
⑤Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——→Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
⑥Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.
⑦Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”——→Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.
⑧Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.
无“时态逆移”一览表：
无需逆移
不能逆移
※不逆移
引述动词=“一般现在时”
引述动词=“一般将来时”
转述分句含具体时间状语
转述分句由when/while引导
当场转述
引述分句=“过去进行时”
引述分句=“过去完成时”
转述分句=自然现象/客观真理
转述分句=谚语、格言
转述分句含：
●should,would,could,might
●must,oughtto,need,dare
●hadbetter,usedto,
wouldrather
●保持事件状态真实性。
Hesaidthatgovernmentpolicyisnottosellarmstosensitiveareas.
提示：
亘古不变的事实：
is
曾经如此，但今非昔比：
was
6、”义对义“
●转述分句必须用陈述句
●陈述句以外的其他句型：
句子形式=意义。
转述时：
句型涵义→→词语释义，以保全句意。
1．陈述句：
转述词said,也可用told来代替，可以说saidthat,saidtosbthat,toldsbthat
Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”
HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.
（板书）Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”
HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.
2．一般疑问句：
“是/否”
Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?
”
Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.
（板书）Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?
”
HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
3．特殊疑问句：
“是什么/在哪里……”
Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?
”
Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.
（板书）Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?
”
Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.
4．选择疑问句：
“是A/B”
Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?
”
HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.
（板书）Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?
”
Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.
注意：
用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…
5．祈使句：
1）目的：
让某人做某事
2）转述动词：
tell（ask,order,warn,advise等）sb.（not）todosth.
“Listentomecarefully,please.”theteachersaidtous.
→Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully.
“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”
→Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.
【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please,在间接引语中必须省略。
3）有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等转述。
如：
vHesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."
→Hesuggested（our）goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwegotothetheatre.
v"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
"heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.
v"Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?
"heasked.→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.
v"Shallwelistentothemusic?
"heasked.
→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.或Hesuggestedthatwelistentothemusic.
6．感叹句：
1）目的：
感叹，强烈表达某事
2）变感叹句为间接引语，用what,how或that来引述。
如：
“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!
”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.
或者Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.
“义对义”句型转换一览表
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
选择疑问句
祈使句
感叹句
If/whether
what/where/when/how/why/which/who
/whose
whether...or...
不定式复合结构
●what
●how
●that
转化、运用精练
I.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Heaskedme________IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.
A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how
2.—Joyce,pleasedon’topenthewindow.
—Pardon?
—I______openthewindow.
A.tellyoudon’tB.tellyounottoC.toldyoudidn’tD.toldyounotto
3.He_____theydidn’tstartearlytheywouldn’tcatchthefirstbus.
A.saidthatifB.askedifC.askedwhetherD.saidthatwhether
4.Heasked_______fortheviolin.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchIpaidD.howmuchdidIpay
5.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.（北京2003）
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
6.Thedoctoraskedmewhat_______withme.
A.iswrongB.wrongisC.waswrongD.wrongwas
7.Heaskedtheboywhere_______.
A.hismotherwasB.washismotherC.hismotherisD.ishismother
8.Theysaidatlastthatthey_______betterstartoutatonce.
A.hadhadB.hadC.hadbeenD.was
9.Theteachersaidthatdoubt_______thekeyofknowledge.
A.wereB.areC.wasD.is
10.Theactorsaidhe_______bornin1984.
A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeen
II.将下列“直接引语”变为间接引语。
（转述部分已为你写出）
1.Mr.Stonesaid,“MayIhaveacupoftea?
”
Mr.Stone________________________________________________________________________.
2.Thenursesaid,“Letthechildrenwashtheirhandsthemselves.”
Thenurse________________________________________________________________________.
3.Myunclesaid,“Donotopenthewindow.”
Myuncle________________________________________________________________________.
4.JohnaskedMary,“Whatdoyouknowaboutthesea?
”
JohnaskedMary__________________________________________________________________.
5.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”
Theteachersaidthat_______________________________________________________________.
Ⅲ．将下列间接引语还原为“直接引语”。
1.TheteachertoldTomtobecarefulwithhispronunciation.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2.Sheaskedmetoopenthedoor.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3.Mymotheradvisedmetohaveagoodrest.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4.PeteraskedmewhenIwouldleaveAthens.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5.HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmystudiesthen.
________________________________________________________________________________.
高考NEW题型对接
高考短文填空题型应对练习
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.
2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.
5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.
8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?
”hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
”
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme__________
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