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unit8

Unit8知识点讲解

1.GiveaspeechonhowtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.

speech:

n.“说,演讲”giveaspeechon“做关于…演讲”:

speakv.“说”speak—spoke—spoken

spoken:

adj“口语的”spokenEnglish:

“英语口语”

speakern.“演讲者,扬声器”

2.Writeanoticefortheparty.(祈使句:

以动原开头)

notice:

n.“通告,布告”v.“注意到,意识到”

noticeboard:

“布告栏”putupanotice:

“张贴布告”

Eg:

Ifyoulookatthenoticeboard,you’llfindthedetailsoftomorrow’sclasses.

DidyounoticewhetherIlockedthedoor?

3.Myteachertoldmetowriteanarticleonnewspaper.

tellvt.告诉tellsbtodosth“告诉某人做某事”tellsbsth“告诉某人某事”

辨析:

tell/speak/say/talk(复习)

4.Therecanbemorethanoneanswer.

can:

此处表推测,意为“可能”

Eg:

Theanswercanberight.这个答案可能是正确的。

情态动词表推测:

must,can,couldmay,might都可表推测。

must可能性最大,can/could

次之,may/might最小。

must用于肯定推测表“一定”

can用于否定推测表“不可能”

may/might用于肯定和否定推测表“可能”,“可能不”

Eg:

ItmustbeTom’s.Ithashisnameonit.

TheguitarmaybelongtoAlice.Sheplaystheguitar.

Hecan’tbeBob,hehasgoneout.

Hemaynotknowtheman.

5.speakEnglishconfidentlyinpublic.

inpublic:

“当众,公开地”,publicadj.“公共的”反义词private“私人的”

confidently:

adv“自信地”adj:

confident“自信的”n.confidence:

“信心”

Eg:

Heisvery.Hecangiveaspeechtohisclassmates(confident).

6.…workedhardtomaketheirEnglishWeekabigsuccess.

make…abigsuccess:

“使…大获成功”

7.SomestudentsputonanEnglishplay.OtherstudentstookpartinanEnglishsingingcompetition.

another:

“另一个”

other:

“其他的”相当于形容词,+名词,(剩余的另一些,不是全部)

theother:

“其他的”相当于形容词,+名词,(剩余的,全部)

还可表示两者中的另一个

others:

“其他的…”相当于代词,后不接名词,(剩余的另一些,不是全部)

theothers“其他的…”相当于代词,后不接名词,(剩余的,全部)

some…other+n….“一些…另一些”

some…others…“一些…另一些”

one…theother…“一个…另一个…”

Eg:

Inourclass,somestudentslikesinging,otherstudentslikedancing.

Inourclass,somelikesinging,otherslikedancing.

Therearetwentydeskshere.Oneisfortheteacher,theothersareforthestudents.

Therearetwopresents.Oneisforyou,theotherisforTom.

another+数词+名词复数=数词+more+名词复数另外的…

Eg:

anothertendollars=tenmoredollars另外的十美元

puton:

“上演,穿上”

相关词组:

putup“张贴,搭起,举起”;putout“伸出,扑灭”

putoff“推迟”putinto“放进”

putaway“放好,收起来”putupwith“容”

putforward“提出,提前”putback“放回,把(钟表)拨慢”

8.Iadvisepeopletospeakslowly.

advisev.“建议”=suggest(用法不同)

advisesbtodo“建议某人做某”=suggestsb+doingsth/suggestdoingsth

Eg:

Iadvisewaitingtilltherighttime.

Headvisesmetostopsmoking.=Hesuggestsmestoppingsmoking.

advicen.“建议(不可数)”=suggestion(可数)

giveadvice

apieceofadvice/asuggestion一个建议

someadvice=somesuggestions一些建议

givesomeadvice/somesuggestionson“给关于…的建议”

advisesbon/about“关于…建议某人”

Theteacheradvisedstudentsaboutstudy.就学习问题老师给学生们提出了建议。

9.Itgavemeachancetolearnnewwords.

chancen.“机会(可数)”choosev.“选择”choicen.“选择(可数)”

Eg:

Youhavethreechoicestochoose.你有三个选择可以选择。

10.Inmyopinion,everyschoolshouldhaveanEnglishWeek.It’sworthdoing.

◆opinion:

“意见,观点,主张”可数

inone’sopinion:

“依某人看来”

opinion与advice区别

opinion:

可数,指对某一事物的看法,意见

advice:

不可数,指提出善意的或建设性的忠告或意见,或向有经验的的人寻求意见

◆beworthdoing“某事值得被做(主动形式表被动意义)”

Eg:

Thebookisworthreading.

11.OnthelastdayofEnglishWeek,theheadteachergaveaspeechtothewholeschool.

whole:

adj“整个的,全部的”=complete常用结构:

the+whole+名词单数

whole/all区别:

◆all可修饰各类名词,但限定词要放在all之后。

whole一般修饰具有整体意义的单数名词,限定词放whole前面。

thewholeschool=alltheschool全体学生

Eg:

thewholetime全部的时间mywholelife我的一生

allthemoney所有的钱allhisbooks他所有的书

◆一般来说,whole不可修饰复数名词,但是若复数名词前有具体的数量词时,可用whole。

threewholedays/allthreedays三天整

12.YoushouldcommunicateinEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.

communicate…with…“与…交流”n.communication“交流”

Eg:

Youcancommunicatewithhim.

wheneveradv.“无论何时,在任何时候”=nomatterwhen引导让步状语从句

Eg:

Youcanaskforhelpwheneveryouneedit.你如果需要帮助可以随时提出来。

类似的词:

whatever“无论什么”wherever“无论何地”however“无论怎样”

语法:

情态动词should/oughtto/hadbetter

◆should和oughtto

1.should作为情态动词,没有人称和数的变化。

通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和oughtto互换使用。

例如:

should/shouldn’t

I/You/He/She/We/They+discussit.

oughtto/oughtnotto

Youshould/oughttocompleteyourtestintime.

你们应该按时做完你们的实验。

一般疑问句及回答:

---Shouldwediscussitnow?

---Yes,weshould/oughtto.

---Oughtwetodiscussitnow?

---No,weshouldn’t/oughtnotto.

Eg:

Weoughttobemorecarefulwithourhomework.

Theyshouldfinishtheworkontime.

Heoughtnottodoitatonce.

2.oughtto/should区别

should谈的是自己的主观看法,

oughtto则更多反映客观情况,在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。

Eg:

Weshould/oughttohelpeachotherandlearnfromeachotherinourwork.

Sheisyourmother,soyououghttosupporther.

WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow,butIdon’tthinkwewill.

◆hadbetter

为固定搭配,无人称,数和时态的变化,用来表示给予建议,后面接动词原形,hadbetter

dosth意为“最好干某事…”

Eg:

Youhadbetterbeontimeforyourlessons.你最好准时上课。

hadbetter通常缩写成’dbetter

Eg:

Youhadbetterbecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.=You’dbetterbecarefulwhenyou

crossthestreet.当你过马路的时候,你最好小心点

肯定形式:

hadbetterdosth最好干某事

否定形式:

hadbetternotdosth最好不要干某事

Eg:

Youhadbettergoandseeadoctor.你最好去看下医生。

Hehadbetternotgooutnow.他最好现在不要出去。

含有hadbetter的反义疑问句,把had作为助动词,否定用hadn’t。

Eg:

We’dbetterstayathometoday,hadn’twe?

我们最好是呆在家里,是吗?

Shehadbettergetreadyforthecomingexam,?

其他情态动词复习

◆can(could)与beableto

can=beableto能够,表示能力

区别:

can只有两种时态,即can和could

beableto有多种时态,如was/wereableto,willbeableto,have/hasbeenableto等

表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用beableto,而不能用can。

Eg:

Iwasabletoswimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.

can能表否定猜测,beableto不能。

can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句。

Eg:

Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?

Itcan’tbeourteacherwhoisknockingatthedoor.

其肯定形式是mustbe。

如:

Itmustbeourteacherwhoisknockingatthedoor.

◆haveto和must

'必须'haveto表示客观的必须,

must表示主观的必须

Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉

害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。

(客观上需要做这件事)

Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。

(主观上要做这件事)

haveto有人称、数、时态的变化(hasto/hadto)

must只有一种形式。

Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.

否定结构:

don'thaveto表示"不必"

mustn't表示"禁止",

Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他

[注]:

回答must提出的问题

Eg:

---MustIdoitnow?

---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.

◆may和might

表示推测,意思是:

可能,可用于肯定与否定推测。

Itmayrainthisevening.You'dbettertakeanumbrella.今晚可能要下雨,你最好带上雨伞。

may过去式为might

◆need

做实义动词需要needtodosth否定形式:

don’tneedtodosth

做情态动词需要needdosth否定形式:

needn’tdosth

Eg:

Youneedfinish/needtofinishyourhomeworktoday.

[注]:

need/must提问,回答需要注意:

NeedIdomyhomeworknow?

--Yes,youmust(你必须)./No,youneedn’t/youdon'thaveto(你不必).

MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?

--Yes,youmust(你必须)./No,youneedn’t/youdon'thaveto(你不必).

课堂作业

一、单项选择。

()1.John_____cometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must

()2.They_____dowellintheexam.

A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto

()3.--MayItakethisbookout?

--No,you_____.

A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't

()4.You_____goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou'regotafever.

A.canB.mustC.dareD.would

()5.--CanyouspeakJapanese?

--No,I______.

A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.maynot

()6.--He______beintheclassroom,Ithink.

--No,he______beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.

A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;can'tD.may;mustn't

()7.--ShallIgetonemorecakeforyou,Dad?

--Thanks,butyou______,I'vehadenough.

A.maynotB.mustnotC.can'tD.needn't

()8.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan'tworkoutthisproblem,soit_beverydifficult.

A.mayB.mustC.canD.need

()9.Heisn'tatschool.Ithinkhe_____beill.

A.canB.shallC.mustD.hasto

()10.______Itakethisone?

A.MayB.WillC.AreD.Do

()11.Youlateforschool.

A.hadnotbettertobeB.hadnotbetterbe

C.hadbetternottobeD.hadbetternotbe

()12.You’dbetteratonce.

A.goB.goesC.wentD.togo

()13.Iwasn’tsurewhetherIoffertohelpornot.

A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.needed

()14.Welearnasmuchaswecanatschool.

A.maynotB.shouldC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t

()15.Youdriveyourcarsofast.It’sverydangerous.

A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t

二、句型转换。

1.Youshouldhelpyourmotherwithyourhousework.(对划线部分提问)

____________________________do?

2.You’dbettergothere.(改为否定句)

____________________________gothere?

3.Theyhadfunintheparkyesterday.(改为同义句)

They__________________________intheparkyesterday.

4.Ishouldcleanmyroomeveryday.(改为一般疑问句)

_________________clean_______________roomeveryday?

5.He’dbetterfinishhishomeworktoday.(改为反意疑问句)

He’dbetterfinishhishomeworktoday,________________?

课后作业

一、单项选择。

()1.Thechildren_____playfootballontheroad.

A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must

()2.You_____belateforschoolagainnexttime.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto

()3.—MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?

—No,you______.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

()4.Hisarmisallright.He______goandseethedoctor.

A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto

()5.Hehadtogiveuptheplan,______he?

A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn’t

()6.Theyhadtowalkhere,______they?

A.mustn'tB.didC.didn'tD.hadn't

()7.Hehadbetterstayhere,______he?

A.didn'tB.don'tC.hadn'tD.isn't

()8.You'dbetter_____latenexttime.

A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe

()9.You'dbetter______yourhair______onceamonth.

A

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