ETS官方Issue范文.docx

ETS官方Issue范文.docx

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ETS官方Issue范文

Issuetest1

"Boththedevelopmentoftechnologicaltoolsandtheusestowhichhumanityhasputthemhavecreatedmoderncivilizationsinwhichlonelinessiseverincreasing."

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Technology,broadlydefinedastheuseoftools,hasalonghistory.EversinceErgthecavemanfirstconkedananimalwitharock,peoplehavebeenusingtechnology.Forthousandsofyears,theuseoftoolsallowedpeopletomoveeverclosertogether.Becausefieldscouldbecultivatedandthetechnologytostorefoodexisted,peoplewouldliveincitiesratherthaninsmallnomadictribes.OnlyverylatelyhaveErg'sdescendantscometoquestionthebenefitsoftechnology.TheIndustrialRevolutionintroducedandspreadtechnologiesthatmechanizedmanytasks.Asaresultofthedrivetowardmoreefficientproductionanddistribution（sotheeverlargercitieswouldbesupported）,peoplebegantoactascogsinthetechnologicalmachine.Clothingwasnolongerproducedbygroupsofwomensewingandgossipingtogether,butbydown-troddenautomation'soperatingmachineryingrimfactories.

Thebenefitsofthenewtechnologyoftoday,computersandtheinternet,areparticularlyambiguous.Theyhavemadeworkevermoreefficientandknittheworldtogetherinawebofinformationandphonelines.SomevisionariesspeakofaworldinwhichErgneednotcheckintohisoffice;hecanjustdialinfromhome.Hewon'tneedtogotoabartopickupwomenbecausethereareallthosechatrooms.Hungry?

Ergordershisgroceriesfromanonlinedeliveryservice.Bored?

Downloadanewgame.Andyet...

Manypeople,myselfincluded,arealittlequeasyaboutthatvision.Ergmaybedoingwork,butisitrealwork?

Arehisonlinefriendsrealfriends?

Doesanythingcountinaspiritualwayifit'sjustdigital?

SincetheIndustrialRevolution,wehavebeenhauntedbytheprospectthatweareturningintoourmachines:

efficient,productive,soulless.Thenewesttechnologies,wefear,aremakingusflatasourscreens,turningusintostreamsofbitsofinterchangeabledata.Wemayknowalotofpeople,butwehavefewrealfriends.Wehavealotofthingstodo,butnoreasontodothem.Inshort,thenewtechnologyemphasizesaspiritualcrisisthathasbeenbuildingforquitesometime.

AsItrytounravelwhichIbelieveabouttherelativemeritsoftechnology,Ithinkitisinstructivetoremembertechnology'soriginalresult.Abetterplowmeanteasierfarming,morefood,longerlives,andmorefreetimetopursueotherthingssuchasart.Ournewesttechnologydoesnotgiveusmorefreetime;itconsumesourfreetime.Weareterminallydistractedfromconfrontingourselvesoreachother.Westaysafe,andlonely,inourhomesandofficesratherthantakingtheriskofmeetingrealpeopleortryingnewthings.

WhileIamcertainlynotaLuddite,Idobelieveweneedtolookforabitmorebalancebetweentechnologyandlife.Wehavetotearourselvesawayfromthefataldistractionsandgooutintotheworld.Technologyhasgivenuslonglivesandendlesssuppliesofinformation.Nowweneedtoapplythatinformation,usethetimewe'renotspendingconkingourdinnerwithaclub,andfindourreasonsforliving.

COMMENTARY

Thisoutstandingresponsedisplayscogentreasoning,insightful,persuasiveanalysis,andsuperiorcontroloflanguage.Theessayimmediatelyidentifiesthecomplexitiesoftheissueandthenplayfullyexploresboththebenefitsandthedrawbacksoftechnologicaldevelopmentsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Thewritermaintainsthata"balancebetweentechnologyandlife"isnecessaryifhumansaregoingtoabatethelonelinessthatispartofmodernexistence.

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Idisagreewiththeargumentthat"Boththedevelopmentoftechnologicaltoolsandtheusestowhichhumanityhasputthemhavecreatedmoderncivilizationsinwhichlonelinessiseverincreasing.""Argumentscanbemadeforthisthesis,buttheydependlargelyuponwhatIbelievetobeapoordefinitionof"loneliness".

Ifonedefineslonelinessastheabsenceofasmuchphysical,face-to-facecontactwithotherpeople,thenthisargumentisprobablytrue.Theinventionofmoderntelecommunicationsdevicessuchastelephones,faxmachines,andcomputershasdefinitelycutdownontheamountofphysicalcontactwithotherpeople.ThisisespeciallytrueinrecenttimesduetotheextremelyrapidexpansionoftheInternet.E-mailandtele-conferencingaredirectsubstitutesforphysicalcontact,especiallyinthebusinessworld.

However,Ibelievethatlonelinesscanbebettermeasuredbyintellectualcontactwithotherindividuals.Unarguably,moderntechnologymakesthisfasterandeasier,withbettercommunicationwithalargernumberofpeople.SomeemployershavearguedthatproductivityislessenedsincetheyhavehadcomputerslinkedtotheInternet,astheemployeesspendmuchoftheirtime"chatting"withfriends,acquaintances,orbusinesscontactsacrossthecountry.Thisisprobablynotagoodthingfortheemployers,butitdemonstratestheincreaseddegreeofcommunicationduetomoderntechnology.

Ofcourse,sometechnologieshaveincreasedlonelinessbyanystandards,suchastheautomobileorothertransportationmechanisms.Theseencouragesubstantiallylongercommutesbetweenhomeandwork.AutomobileshavemadepossiblethepatternofsuburbanizationthathasbeeninplaceintheUnitedStatessinceimmediatelyafterWorldWarTwo.Timespentcommutingisgenerallyunproductiveandspentalone,unlesstheindividualinquestioniscar-poolingorusingmasstransit.Thecontributionofthecommutingculturetolonelinessmayactuallybechangingnowduetonewtechnologythatisbeinginventedandusedbythegeneralpublic.Popularnewdevices,suchasthecellularphone,thelaptopcomputer,andthecombinationthereofmayactuallyconvertcommutingtimetoaperiodofincreasedcommunicationsbetweenpeople,to"passthetime".Thiswillbeespeciallytrueasuseofmasstransitgrows,whichwillprobablyhappen,duetoproblemswithgasshortages,airpollution,andthecreationoffurthermasstransitbyfederalandlocalgovernments.

Themotivationforthedeclarationthatlonelinessisincreasingmaybeduetothefactthatmanypeople,especiallyblue-collarworkers,areunabletoaffordorusethesenewdevices.However,sincetheadventofthepersonalcomputer,thepricepercomputingpowerhascontinuallyloweredrapidly,andthistrendshowsnosignofchanging.Severalcompanies,suchasSunMicrosystemsandOraclehaveannouncedthattheyareattemptingtodevelopterminalswithlittlecomputingpower,butafullcapabilitytoaccesstheInternet.Thesedeviceswillbeinapproximatelythe$500pricerange,whichismuchmorereasonablethanthepriceofthecurrenttopofthelinePC.Inaddition,tocatertoalargermassofthepublic,softwarecompanieshavebeencarefullymakingtheirproductseasiertousebynon-"computernerds".Thistrendisnotlikelytocease.

Inconclusion,althoughearlydevelopmentofmoderntransportationmayhaveincreasedloneliness,Ibelievethatmorerecenttechnologiesareactuallydoingtheopposite,stimulatinginterpersonalcontactandencouragingintellectualexpansion.TheperceptionthattheoppositeistruederivesfromwhatIbelieveispoordefinitionoflonelinessandthedifficultythattheworkingclasshasinacquiringandusingmoderntelecommunicationsdevices.

COMMENTARY

Thisstrongresponseanalyzesthecomplexitiesoftheissue.Indisagreeingwiththeprompt,thewritermakesadistinctionbetweentwotypesofloneliness--lonelinesscausedby"theabsenceof?

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physicalcontact"andlonelinessbroughtaboutbyalackof"intellectualcontact"withothers.Theessayreasonsthatwhile"theautomobileandothertransportationmechanisms"originallykeptpassengersphysicallyandintellectuallyisolatedfromoneanother,moderntechnology,suchasthecellulartelephoneandlaptopcomputer,hasmadeintellectualcontact"fasterandeasier"andhasbenefitedusersbyallowingthemtocommunicatewith"alargernumberofpeople."

Theresponseprovidesclearandrelevantexamplesofthewaysinwhichtechnologicaldevelopmentsfacilitateandencourageintellectualcommunication.Thewriterexaminestheimpactofuser-friendlyInternetaccessontheindividual'sabilitytointeractwithothersevenwhenphysicaldistanceseparatesthecommunicatingparties.

Theorganizationisclear,yettransitionsbetweenparagraphsarenotalwayssmooth.Thebodyoftheessaylacksthefocusthatwouldhelpmoveittoascoreof6.Itisnotalwaysclearhowtheinformationgivenrelatestotheessay'sinitialposition（e.g.,thediscussionofcurrentpricesforpersonalcomputersinparagraphfive）.Theconclusion,whileclearlyrelevant,attemptstoimposeorderonthesomewhatlooselyconnectedparagraphs,yetfailstoaddsubstancetotheanalysis.

Onthewhole,theessaydisplaysclarityandcontrol,butthelanguageissometimesimpreciseandlesstightlycontrolledthanitwouldbeina6essay.Thefollowingsentenceisonesuchexample:

"Themotivationforthedeclarationthatlonelinessisincreasingmaybeduetothefactthatmanypeople,especiallyblue-collarworkers,areunabletoaffordorusethesenewdevices."

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Lookingattheabovestatement,Iseealotoftruthtothestatement.Therearemanywaysthatsocietyhasusedtheadvancedtechnologyinordertoisolatethemselves.Itmayormaynotbeaconsciousmove,buttheresultsareallthesame.Theisolationoccursinavarietyofwaysandinalldifferentareas.Bycomputerizingfactories,therearemoreandmorepeopleworkinglonghoursbythemselves,withthereonlycompanionasacomputermonitor.Althoughthecompanymaybegetting