高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案

高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）解题技巧和训练方法及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   LEGObeganasoneman'ssmallbusiness.Buttoday,itisthesecondlargesttoycompanyintheworld.TheLEGOcompanysellssmall,brightlycoloredplasticbricks（积木）.PeoplecanbuyLEGObricksinover90countries.

   OleKirkKristiansenfromDenmarkbeganhisownbusinessin1932.Hemadeproducts（产品）fromwoodincludingcolorfulwoodentoys.Kristiansen'syoungson,Godtfred,workedwithhim.Theirbusinesshelpedthemmakealotofmoney.

   By1934,theKristiansensnamedtheircompanyLEGO,whichcamefromtwoDanishwords,"leg"and"godt",meaning"playwell".TheLEGOcompanygrewslowly.Butitcontinuedtocreateexcellentwoodentoys.

   By1947,theLEGOcompanybeganusinganewmaterial（材料）tomaketheirtoys—plastic.OneofthetoystheysoldwascalledtheAutomaticBindingBrick.Apersoncouldputthebrickstogethertobuildsomething.Butthebricksdidnotholdtogethereasily.Still,theywereapopulartoy.

   Afewyearslater,in1954,GodtfredKirkKristiansenhadabigidea.HewantedalloftheLEGObrickstofittogether.Finally,fouryearslater,in1958,theLEGOcompanyfoundtheiranswer.TheyinventedthefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick,whichwassimilartotheAutomaticBindingBrickbuteachpiecewouldfitwithanyotherpiece.

   Sincethattime,anytoythattheLEGOcompanycreatedwouldfitwithanyothertoytheycreated.Today,LEGOisnotonlythesecondlargesttoymakerintheworld,butalsomakingitsproductsagreatwayforchildrentolearncreativebuildingskills.

（1）WhentheLEGOcompanywassetup,it________.

A.hadarapidgrowth

B.failedtoattractchildren

C.invitedchildrentoworkwithit

D.wassmallbutsuccessful

（2）WhatdoweknowabouttheAutomaticBindingBrick?

A.Itwaslikedbyfewpeople.

B.Itwasthebestofitskind.

C.Itwasabuildingtoy.

D.Itwasmadeofwood.

（3）ThefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick________.

A.fittogetherperfectly

B.wascreatedbyGodtfredandhisfather

C.wasinventedintheearly1950s

D.differedgreatlyfromtheAutomaticBindingBrick

（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.LEGO:

EducationalToys

B.LEGO:

PlayWell

C.ToyCompanies:

FromSmalltoBig

D.ToyCompanies:

NeverTooLatetoCreate

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丹麦知名玩具品牌乐高的发展历程。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“LEGObeganasoneman'ssmallbusiness”；以及第二段中的“Theirbusinesshelpedthemmakealotofmoney,可知，高公司在创立初期虽然规模不大但盈利很多。

因此可知公司规模虽小但很成功，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Apersoncouldputthebrickstogethertobuildsomething.”可知，AutomaticBindingBrick是一种拼装积木，可以使用积木组装玩具，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"thefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick...eachpiecewouldfitwithanyotherpiece”可知，现代的乐高积木可以彼此完全贴合，从而组装成一个整体。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第三段“By1934,theKristiansensnamedtheircompanyLEGO,whichcamefromtwoDanishwords,‘leg’and‘godt’，meaning‘playwell’.TheLEGOcompanygrewslowly.Butitcontinuedtocreateexcellentwoodentoys.”可知，文章介绍了知名积木玩具乐高的发展情况，LEGO在丹麦语中意为"玩得好”，这是公司制作玩具的宗旨所在，因此B项作标题概括了文章主旨也表达了乐高的宗旨，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   "Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove,"saidDavidBelle,thefounderofparkour.

   Doyouloverunning?

Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?

Likejumpingfromwallsandovergaps,andgroundrolls?

JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?

Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.

   Yes,that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.

   Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.

   Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackinyourlife,toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid,"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."

   Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofexpressionoftrustinyourself.

（1）Parkourhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldbecauseof    .

A.itsfounder,DavidBelle

B.thevarietiesofparticipants

C.itsrisksandtricks

D.thefilm,CasinoRoyale

（2）Theunderlinedword"obstacles"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"   ".

A.streets

B.objects

C.roofs

D.barriers

（3）Whichofthefollowingisthephilosophyofparkour?

A.Sportsandextremes.

B.Determinationandfreedom.

C.Dreamsandsuccess.

D.Excitementandpopularity.

（4）Whichofthefollowingistrueofparkour?

A.Itisateamsport.

B.Itisagoodbutboringsport.

C.Itneedsspecialtraining.

D.Itchallengeshumanabilities.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑酷运动的起源、特点和此运动蕴含的哲理。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的‘’JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?

Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.”可知因为JamesBond在电影CasinoRoyale中的精彩跑酷表演使得这项运动在全世界流行，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.”可知跑酷的目的是尽可能快地从一个地方移动到另一个地方，利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。

画线部分overobstaclesontheway.与gettingoverallthebarriersinthepath意思一致，指跨越路上的障碍。

obstacles与barriers同义，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriers”可知跑酷蕴含的哲理是决心；第六段中的“Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.”可知蕴含的另一个哲理是自由。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.”；第四段中的“Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds.”可知跑酷是极限运动，像听起来那样刺激和迷人。

因此它挑战人类的能力。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.Thesecitiesarecentersofmusicanddance,museums,andtheaters.Herearefourofthemwhereyoucanfindinspirationinthearts,startingwiththetopspot.

   Rome,Italy

   Atitspeak,theRomanEmpireextendedovernearlytwomillionsquaremilesoflandacrossEurope,AsiaMinorandNorthAfrica.Today,thathistoryisondisplayeverywhere.Thecity'smainattractionsarefamousnotbecauseoftouristadvertisements,butbecausetheyarereallysoimpressive.Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:

Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.

   Paris,France

   HemingwayfamouslycalledParis"amoveablefeast",butwhereveryougowhileinthecity,thereisalwayssomethingtosee,hear,tasteorfeel.Withsome150museums,Parisdoublesasanarthistoryclass,offeringtheverybestofthedisciplineacrosscenturiesandstyles.

   London,UnitedKingdom

   LondonisinspirationandsettingfortheriseofShakespeare,Dickens,OrwellandEliotandthebreedinggroundforallthoseiconic（标志性的）bands:

TheKinks,TheClashandTheStones.LondonisalsoBanksy'sfavoritecanvas,hometomorethan1,000galleries,andthekindofplacewhereyoucanspendawholedayinasinglemuseumandstillbereadyformorewhenitopensthenextmorning.

   Vienna,Austria

   Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital,whichnurturedmanyfamousmusicians.It'salsothesiteoftheViennaSecession,arevolutionaryartmovementfoundedin1897byGustavKlimt.Visitorstodaycanseethefruitsofallthatcreativityinthecity's100–oddmuseums.

（1）WhyisRomeregardedastheEternalCity?

A.Ithadanimportantroleinhistory.

B.Itshistorycanbeseeneverywhere.

C.Peoplecaneasilyfindnewartandculture.

D.Peoplecanspendmoneywellthere.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nurtured"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Produced.

B.Affected.

C.Attracted.

D.Changed.

（3）Whichcolumncanweprobablyfindthetext?

A.History.

B.Art.

C.Education.

D.Life.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个世界上最受喜爱的艺术和文化城市。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据 Rome,Italy部分中的“Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:

Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.”可知难怪它被称为永恒之城：

你可以永远在这里度过，每天都能发现新的艺术和文化宝藏。

由此可知罗马被视为永恒之城是因为人们可以很容易地找到新的艺术和文化。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据Vienna,Austria部分中的“Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital”可知，如果没有奥地利的首都，西方的音乐将是不可识别的，因此推断画线句句意：

奥地利诞生了许多著名的音乐家。

由此可知划线单词意思为“产生，诞生”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.”可知在一年一度的读者选择奖调查中，我们要求读者对世界上最喜爱的艺术和文化城市进行排名。

以及文章内容主要介绍了四个艺术和文化城市，由此可推知文章能够在“艺术”一栏找到。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

   Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee（裁