专四50组近义词辨析.docx
《专四50组近义词辨析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专四50组近义词辨析.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专四50组近义词辨析
在学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:
语法、语义和文体。
语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。
1.路
way:
Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.road:
Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.path:
Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.route:
Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.
street:
Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.
avenue:
Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(庄严)orprincipalstreet.
2.时代(期)(时期)
period:
Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.(时代)time(s):
Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新时代)epoch:
Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.(纪元)era:
Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution(时期)age:
Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge
3.战斗(打仗)fight:
Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争)struggle:
Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.(战斗)battle:
Afightbetweenarmedforces.(战役)campaign:
Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.(战争)war:
Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.(对抗)combat:
Afight,conflict,controversy.
4.牧师(教士牧师)#
priest:
Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch(牧师)minister:
Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.(牧师)clergy(pl):
Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.
clergyman:
clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.(牧师)
pastor:
AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.(教区牧师)vicar:
Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.
father:
Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.
5.服装
clothing(collect):
(fml)Generaltermofclothes.clothes(nosingle):
Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.garment(fl):
Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.costume:
1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.
2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:
wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.dress:
1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙).
2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdresssuit:
Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuitcoat:
Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.overcoat:
Awarncoatworninthestreet.
6.哭cry:
Themostgeneralone.
(哭泣)weep:
Toletflowtears.
(抽泣抽嗒)sob:
Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.
(哭天抹泪涕泪交流)snivel:
Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.
(哭嚎又哭又闹)blubber:
Tocryloudlynoisily.
(发出低声报怨声)whine:
Tomakealowcomplainingcry.
(嚎哭)bawl:
Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense).
(痛哭)wail:
Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.
(呻吟)moan:
Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.
(呻吟)grown:
Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval(哀悼)mourn:
Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.
(哀悼)lament:
Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.
7.美丽漂亮good-looking:
Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.
beautiful:
(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.
handsome:
Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.
pretty:
(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,lovely:
(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.
fair:
Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.gorgeous:
(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.
8.拉拖pull:
Themostgeneralone.draw:
Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.drag:
Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.
haul:
Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.
tug:
Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.jerk:
Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.
tow:
Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.
wrench:
Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.
9.旋转turn:
Themostgeneralone.
(自转)spin:
Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,
andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.
(急转)whirl:
Toroundveryfast.Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.
(转动)rotate:
Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.Theearthrotatesonce
every24hours.
(绕转)revolve:
Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.Itindicatescircularorelliptical(木椭圆)movement.Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.
10.生气气愤
anger:
Themostgeneralone.
(易怒)becross:
Feelingeasytogetangry.
(愤慨)indignation:
(fml)Anger.Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.
Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.
(愤怒)wrath:
Verytreatanger.(literary)Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish.
(狂怒)rage:
Wild,violentanger.Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.
(暴怒)fury:
Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.Sheflewintoafury.
11.错误
(误会)mistake:
Awrongthought,act.Itimpliescarelessness.Anyonecanmakeamistake.
(过错弱点)fault:
Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.
findfaultwithsb/atfault
shortcoming:
weakness,failing;Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.
InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.
(疏忽)error:
Amistake(formalsometimesliterary)Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel
Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.
(缺点毛病)defect:
sthlackingorimperfect.Itreferstoquality.
Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.
(失误过失)blunder:
Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.Itimpliesignorance.
Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.
12.图画picture:
Themostgeneralone.
(彩图)painting:
pictureswithcolor.
(绘画图画)drawing:
Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.
(草图)sketch:
Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.
(图解图表)diagram:
Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.
(曲线图)graph:
Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.
(插图)illustration:
Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.
(图样草图)draft:
Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.
(平面图)plan:
Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.
(主视图)elevation:
Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.
(海图)chart:
Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.
13.特别
(专门的,与众不同的)special:
Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontainsspecialgases.
(特别的)especial:
(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional;Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthe
personsmentioned;Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.
(个别的)particular:
Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasan
individualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(适用)
(特种的)specific:
Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.(usedinscientific
articles)Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.
Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.
(独特的)peculiar:
Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.
14.取消消灭
(取消解除)cancel:
Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.Q肖假)
(废除废止)abolish:
Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.
(肖灭排除)eliminate:
Togetridof.Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.
(撤肖废除)repeal:
Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.
(根除肖灭)exterminate:
Todestroycompletelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbeexterminated.
15.破碎
break:
Themostgeneralone.
(压碎压破)crush:
Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.
(打碎)smash:
Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.
(打裂)crack:
Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface.Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.
(破裂)burst:
Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.
(砸碎破碎