毕业设计文献原文.docx

毕业设计文献原文.docx

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毕业设计文献原文

LEED®forNewConstruction&MajorRenovations

Version2.2

ForPublicUseandDisplay

October2005

TableofContents

Introduction4

SustainableSites8

SSPrerequisite1:

ConstructionActivityPollutionPrevention8

SSCredit1:

SiteSelection9

SSCredit2:

DevelopmentDensity&CommunityConnectivity10

SSCredit3:

BrownfieldRedevelopment11

SSCredit4.1:

AlternativeTransportation:

PublicTransportationAccess12

SSCredit4.2:

AlternativeTransportation:

BicycleStorage&ChangingRooms13

SSCredit4.3:

AlternativeTransportation:

LowEmitting&FuelEfficientVehicles14

SSCredit4.4:

AlternativeTransportation:

ParkingCapacity15

SSCredit5.1:

SiteDevelopment:

ProtectorRestoreHabitat16

SSCredit5.2:

SiteDevelopment:

MaximizeOpenSpace17

SSCredit6.1:

StormwaterDesign:

QuantityControl18

SSCredit6.2:

StormwaterDesign:

QualityControl19

SSCredit7.1:

HeatIslandEffect:

Non-Roof20

SSCredit7.2:

HeatIslandEffect:

Roof21

SSCredit8:

LightPollutionReduction22

Introduction

LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign（LEED®）

Buildingsfundamentallyimpactpeople’slivesandthehealthoftheplanet.IntheUnitedStates,buildingsuseone-thirdofourtotalenergy,two-thirdsofourelectricity,one-eighthofourwater,andtransformlandthatprovidesvaluableecologicalresources.SincetheLEEDGreenBuildingRatingSystemforNewConstruction（LEED-NCversion2.0）wasfirstpublishedin1999,ithasbeenhelpingprofessionalsacrossthecountrytoimprovethequalityofourbuildingsandtheirimpactontheenvironment.Asthegreenbuildingsectorgrowsexponentially,moreandmorebuildingprofessionals,owners,andoperators

areseeingthebenefitsofgreenbuildingandLEEDcertification.Greendesignnotonlymakesapositiveimpactonpublichealthandtheenvironment,italsoreducesoperatingcosts,enhancesbuildingandorganizationalmarketability,potentiallyincreasesoccupantproductivity,andhelpscreateasustainablecommunity.LEEDfitsintothismarketbyprovidingratingsystemsthatarevoluntary,consensus-based,market-driven,basedonacceptedenergyandenvironmentalprinciples,andtheystrikeabalancebetweenestablishedpracticesandemergingconcepts.TheLEEDratingsystemsaredevelopedbyUSGBCcommittees,inadherencewithUSGBCpoliciesandproceduresguidingthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofratingsystems.LEED-NCversion2.2isonlypossibleduetothegenerousvolunteereffortsofmanyindividuals,andhasbeenindevelopmentforover2years.LEED-NCisoneofagrowingportfolioofratingsystemsservingspecificmarketsectors.

LEEDforSchools

TheLEEDforNewConstructionRatingSystemisapplicabletonewcommercialconstructionandmajorrenovationprojects.

WhyCertify?

WhileLEEDRatingSystemscanbeusefuljustastoolsforbuildingprofessionals,therearemanyreasonswhyLEEDprojectcertificationcanbeanasset:

❑Berecognizedforyourcommitmenttoenvironmentalissuesinyourcommunity,yourorganization（includingstockholders）,andyourindustry;

❑Receivethirdpartyvalidationofachievement;

❑Qualifyforagrowingarrayofstate&localgovernmentinitiatives;

❑ReceivemarketingexposurethroughUSGBCWebsite,Greenbuildconference,casestudies,andmediaannouncements.

CertificationProcess

ProjectteamsinterestedinobtainingLEEDcertificationfortheirprojectmustfirstregisteronline.Registrationduringearlyphasesoftheprojectwillensuremaximumpotentialforcertification.TheLEEDwebsite,

www.leedbuilding.org,containsimportantdetailsaboutthecertificationreviewprocess,scheduleandfees.Theapplicantprojectmustsatisfactorilydocumentachievementofalltheprerequisitesandaminimumnumberofpoints.

SeetheLEEDforNewConstructionprojectchecklistforthenumberofpointsrequiredtoachieveLEEDforNewConstructionratinglevels.

SustainableSites

SSPrerequisite1:

ConstructionActivityPollution

Prevention

Required

Intent

Reducepollutionfromconstructionactivitiesbycontrollingsoilerosion,waterwaysedimentationandairbornedustgeneration.

Requirements

CreateandimplementanErosionandSedimentationControl（ESC）Planforallconstructionactivitiesassociatedwiththeproject.TheESCPlanshallconformtotheerosionandsedimentationrequirementsofthe2003EPAConstructionGeneralPermitORlocalerosionandsedimentationcontrolstandardsandcodes,whicheverismorestringent.ThePlanshalldescribethemeasuresimplementedtoaccomplishthefollowingobjectives:

❑Preventlossofsoilduringconstructionbystormwaterrunoffand/orwinderosion,includingprotectingtopsoilbystockpilingforreuse.

❑Preventsedimentationofstormsewerorreceivingstreams.

❑Preventpollutingtheairwithdustandparticulatematter.

TheConstructionGeneralPermit（CGP）outlinestheprovisionsnecessarytocomplywithPhaseIandPhaseIIoftheNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem（NPDES）program.WhiletheCGPonlyappliestoconstructionsitesgreaterthan1acre,therequirementsareappliedtoallprojectsforthepurposesofthisprerequisite.

InformationontheEPACGPisavailableat:

http:

//cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp.cfm.

PotentialTechnologies&Strategies

CreateanErosionandSedimentationControlPlanduringthedesignphaseoftheproject.Consideremployingstrategiessuchastemporaryandpermanentseeding,mulching,earthdikes,siltfencing,sedimenttrapsandsedimentbasins.

SSCredit1:

SiteSelection

1Point

Intent

Avoiddevelopmentofinappropriatesitesandreducetheenvironmentalimpactfromthelocationofabuildingonasite.

Requirements

Donotdevelopbuildings,hardscape,roadsorparkingareasonportionsofsitesthatmeetanyoneofthefollowingcriteria:

❑PrimefarmlandasdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureintheUnitedStatesCodeofFederalRegulations,Title7,Volume6,Parts400to699,Section657.5（citation7CFR657.5）

❑Previouslyundevelopedlandwhoseelevationislowerthan5feetabovetheelevationofthe100-yearfloodasdefinedbyFEMA（FederalEmergencyManagementAgency）

❑LandthatisspecificallyidentifiedashabitatforanyspeciesonFederalorStatethreatenedorendangeredlists

❑Within100feetofanywetlandsasdefinedbyUnitedStatesCodeofFederalRegulations40CFR,Parts230-233andPart22,andisolatedwetlandsorareasofspecialconcernidentifiedbystateorlocalrule,ORwithinsetbackdistancesfromwetlandsprescribedinstateorlocalregulations,asdefinedbylocalorstateruleorlaw,whicheverismorestringent

❑Previouslyundevelopedlandthatiswithin50feetofawaterbody,definedasseas,lakes,rivers,streamsandtributarieswhichsupportorcouldsupportfish,recreationorindustrialuse,consistentwiththeterminologyoftheCleanWaterAct

❑Landwhichpriortoacquisitionfortheprojectwaspublicparkland,unlesslandofequalorgreatervalueasparklandisacceptedintradebythepubliclandowner（ParkAuthorityprojectsareexempt）

PotentialTechnologies&Strategies

Duringthesiteselectionprocess,givepreferencetothosesitesthatdonotincludesensitivesiteelementsandrestrictivelandtypes.Selectasuitablebuildinglocationanddesignthebuildingwiththeminimalfootprinttominimizesitedisruptionofthoseenvironmentallysensitiveareasidentifiedabove.

SSCredit2:

DevelopmentDensity&CommunityConnectivity

1Point

Intent

Channeldevelopmenttourbanareaswithexistinginfrastructure,protectgreenfieldsandpreservehabitatandnaturalresources.

Requirements

OPTION1—DEVELOPMENTDENSITY

ConstructorrenovatebuildingonapreviouslydevelopedsiteANDinacommunitywithaminimumdensityof60,000squarefeetperacrenet（Note:

densitycalculationmustincludetheareaoftheprojectbeingbuiltandisbasedonatypicaltwo-storydowntowndevelopment）.

OR

OPTION2—COMMUNITYCONNECTIVITY

ConstructorrenovatebuildingonapreviouslydevelopedsiteANDwithin1/2mileofaresidentialzoneorneighborhoodwithanaveragedensityof10unitsperacrenetANDwithin1/2mileofatleast10BasicServicesANDwithpedestrianaccessbetweenthebuildingandtheservices.

BasicServicesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:

1）Bank;2）PlaceofWorship;3）ConvenienceGrocery;4）DayCare;5）Cleaners;6）FireStation;7）Beauty;8）Hardware;9）Laundry;10）Library;11）Medical/Dental;12）SeniorCareFacility;13）Park;14）Pharmacy;15）PostOffice;16）Restaurant;17）School;18）Supermarket;19）Theater;20）CommunityCenter;21）FitnessCenter;22）Museum.

Proximityisdeterminedbydrawinga1/2mileradiusaroundthemainbuildingentranceonasitemapandcountingtheserviceswithinthatradius.

PotentialTechnologies&Strategies

Duringthesiteselectionprocess,givepreferencetourbansiteswithpedestrianaccesstoavarietyofservices.

SSCredit3:

BrownfieldRedevelopment

1Point

Intent

Rehabilitatedamagedsiteswheredevelopmentiscomplicatedbyenvironmentalcontamination,reducingpressureonundevelopedland.

Requirements

Developonasitedocumentedascontaminated（bymeansofanASTME1903-97PhaseIIEnvironmentalSiteAssessmentoralocalVoluntaryCleanupProgram）ORonasitedefinedasabrownfieldbyalocal,stateorfederalgovernmentagency.

PotentialTechnologies&Strategies

Duringthesiteselectionprocess,givepreferencetobrownfieldsites.Identifytaxincentivesandpropertycostsavings.Coordinatesitedevelopmentplanswithremediationactivity,asappropriate.

SSCredit4.1:

AlternativeTransportation:

Public

TransportationAccess

1Point

Intent

Reducepollutionandlanddevelopmentimpactsfromautomobileuse.

Requirements

Locateprojectwi