毕业设计文献原文.docx

1、毕业设计文献原文LEED for New Construction &Major RenovationsVersion 2.2For Public Use and DisplayOctober 2005Table of ContentsIntroduction 4Sustainable Sites 8SS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 8SS Credit 1: Site Selection 9SS Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity

2、 10SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment 11SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access 12SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 13SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles14SS Credit 4.4: Alterna

3、tive Transportation: Parking Capacity 15SS Credit 5.1: Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat 16SS Credit 5.2: Site Development: Maximize Open Space 17SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control 18SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control 19SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non

4、-Roof 20SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof 21SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction 22IntroductionLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)Buildings fundamentally impact peoples lives and the health of the planet. In the United States, buildings use one-third of our total energy, two

5、-thirds of our electricity, one-eighth of our water, and transform land that provides valuable ecological resources. Since the LEED Green Building Rating System for New Construction(LEED-NC version 2.0) was first published in 1999, it has been helping professionals across the country to improve the

6、quality of our buildings and their impact on the environment.As the green building sector grows exponentially, more and more building professionals, owners, and operatorsare seeing the benefits of green building and LEED certification. Green design not only makes a positive impact on public health a

7、nd the environment, it also reduces operating costs, enhances building and organizational marketability, potentially increases occupant productivity, and helps create a sustainable community. LEED fits into this market by providing rating systems that are voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven, b

8、ased on accepted energy and environmental principles, and they strike a balance between established practices and emerging concepts.The LEED rating systems are developed by USGBC committees, in adherence with USGBC policies and procedures guiding the development and maintenance of rating systems. LE

9、ED-NC version 2.2 is only possible due to the generous volunteer efforts of many individuals, and has been in development for over 2 years. LEED-NC is one of a growing portfolio of rating systems serving specific market sectors.LEED for SchoolsThe LEED for New Construct ion Rating System is applicab

10、le to new commercial construction and major renovation projects.Why Certify?While LEED Rating Systems can be useful just as tools for building professionals, there are many reasons why LEED project certification can be an asset: Be recognized for your commitment to environmental issues in your commu

11、nity, your organization (including stockholders), and your industry; Receive third party validation of achievement; Qualify for a growing array of state & local government initiatives; Receive marketing exposure through USGBC Web site, Greenbuild conference, case studies, and media announcements.Cer

12、tification ProcessProject teams interested in obtaining LEED certification for their project must first register online. Registration during early phases of the project will ensure maximum potential for certification. The LEED website, www. leedbuilding.org, contains important details about the cert

13、ification review process, schedule and fees. The applicant project must satisfactorily document achievement of all the prerequisites and a minimum number of points.See the LEED for New Construction project checklist for the number of points required to achieve LEED for New Construction rating levels

14、.Sustainable SitesSS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity PollutionPreventionRequiredIntentReduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation and airborne dust generation.RequirementsCreate and implement an Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) Plan

15、for all construction activities associated with the project. The ESC Plan shall conform to the erosion and sedimentation requirements of the 2003 EPA Construction General Permit OR local erosion and sedimentation control standards and codes, whichever is more stringent. The Plan shall describe the m

16、easures implemented to accomplish the following objectives: Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/or wind erosion, including protecting topsoil by stockpiling for reuse. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams. Prevent polluting the air with dust and par

17、ticulate matter.The Construction General Permit (CGP) outlines the provisions necessary to comply with Phase I and Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. While the CGP only applies to construction sites greater than 1 acre, the requirements are applied to al

18、l projects for the purposes of this prerequisite.Information on the EPA CGP is available at: http:/cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp.cfm.Potential Technologies & StrategiesCreate an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan during the design phase of the project. Consider employing strategies such as

19、temporary and permanent seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing, sediment traps and sediment basins.SS Credit 1: Site Selection1 PointIntentAvoid development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site.RequirementsDo not develop buildings

20、, hardscape, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any one of the following criteria: Prime farmland as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture in the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6, Parts 400 to 699, Section 657.5 (citation 7CFR657.5) Pre

21、viously undeveloped land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood as defined by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Land that is specifically identified as habitat for any species on Federal or State threatened or endangered lists Within 100 feet of any w

22、etlands as defined by United States Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, and isolated wetlands or areas of special concern identified by state or local rule, OR within setback distances from wetlands prescribed in state or local regulations, as defined by local or state rul

23、e or law, whichever is more stringent Previously undeveloped land that is within 50 feet of a water body, defined as seas, lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries which support or could support fish, recreation or industrial use, consistent with the terminology of the Clean Water Act Land which prior

24、 to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal or greater value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner (Park Authority projects are exempt)Potential Technologies & StrategiesDuring the site selection process, give preference to those sites that do not inc

25、lude sensitive site elements and restrictive land types. Select a suitable building location and design the building with the minimal footprint to minimize site disruption of those environmentally sensitive areas identified above.SS Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity1 PointIntent

26、Channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitat and natural resources.RequirementsOPTION 1 DEVELOPMENT DENSITYConstruct or renovate building on a previously developed site AND in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 square feet per ac

27、re net (Note: density calculation must include the area of the project being built and is based on a typical two-story downtown development).OROPTION 2 COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITYConstruct or renovate building on a previously developed site AND within 1/2 mile of a residential zone or neighborhood with a

28、n average density of 10 units per acre net AND within 1/2 mile of at least 10 Basic Services AND with pedestrian access between the building and the services.Basic Services include, but are not limited to:1) Bank; 2) Place of Worship; 3) Convenience Grocery; 4) Day Care; 5) Cleaners; 6) Fire Station

29、; 7) Beauty; 8)Hardware; 9) Laundry; 10) Library; 11) Medical/Dental; 12) Senior Care Facility; 13) Park; 14) Pharmacy; 15)Post Office; 16) Restaurant; 17) School; 18) Supermarket; 19) Theater; 20) Community Center; 21) Fitness Center; 22) Museum.Proximity is determined by drawing a 1/2 mile radius

30、around the main building entrance on a site map and counting the services within that radius.Potential Technologies & StrategiesDuring the site selection process, give preference to urban sites with pedestrian access to a variety of services.SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment1 PointIntentRehabili

31、tate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmental contamination, reducing pressure on undeveloped land.RequirementsDevelop on a site documented as contaminated (by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a local Voluntary Cleanup Program) OR on a site d

32、efined as a brownfield by a local, state or federal government agency.Potential Technologies & StrategiesDuring the site selection process, give preference to brownfield sites. Identify tax incentives and property cost savings. Coordinate site development plans with remediation activity, as appropriate.SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation: PublicTransportation Access1 PointIntentReduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.RequirementsLocate project wi