基础模块2语法教案.docx

基础模块2语法教案.docx

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基础模块2语法教案

Period1句子的基本结构，句法

Teachingaims:

*简单句：

主+不及物动词Timeflies,Hecried

*主+连系动词+表语HeisstrongHelookshappy.

*系动词→词汇意思+词语或句子表示主语的特征或状态。

1、存在：

look,appear,seem,smell,taste,feel,besound,stand→原样继续，standfirm/fast坚定，不退让。

2、持续：

keep（silent）remain,stay（calm）prove

Theideaprovescorrect.Rest仍然是=remainsHerests/remainssilent.

3、转化become,turn,come（cometrue）,go,get,grow（growolder）,fall（fallasleep）,|ill

主+及物动词+宾语Hehitme.Theboyreadthebook.

主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

+直接宾语+介词（for|to）+间接宾语

Heboughtmeabook.Heboughtabookforme.

Hegavemeabook.Hegaveabooktome.

主+及物动词+宾语+宾补Isawhimrunningaway.

Thenewsmademehappy.Wemadehimmonitor.

Heisahardworkingstudent.Thepartylastedallnight.Tosucceed,oneneedstoworkhard.

二、并列句（and,but,or,so,however,otherwise.）

Workhardandyouwillsucceed.Myfatherisill,（and）soI’mlate.

三、复合句“where”

Wherehehasgoneisunknown.Thequestioniswherehehasgone.

Idon’tknowwherehehasgone.Wearetalkingaboutthequestionwherehehasgone.

Wedon’tknowtheplacewherehehasgonelives.Wherehehasgone,thereisabeautifulriver.

Period2名词性从句

Teachingaims:

以what引导的句子。

Whathesaidisright.Whatyouneedismorepractical.

WhatIwanttoknowisthis.Whathehasismoney.Youarewhatyoueat.Idon’tknowwhatheneeds.

1、用that引导的句子。

Thattheearthisroundistrue.Thathewillrefusetheadviceisimpossible.（Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusetheadvice.）

2、用连接代词、连接副词引导的句子。

Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetisstillaquestion.

Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.

Whowillcomeisapuzzle.Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoeveryone.

Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.

3、Whatever（anythingthat）,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoever（anybodywho）.

HedidwhatIaskedhimtodo.

HedidwhateverIaskedhimtodo.

Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme.Whatevershedidwasright.

/anhonour/commonknowledge.无论谁无论什么

形式主语itisafactthat…/itisfortunate…/itissuggested/asked/demanded/insisted/requested/ordered.Itseems/appears/happens/sticktome+that..

Itisnatural/strange/necessary/important/anxious/possible/reasonable/probable/+thatshould+U.

表语从句：

Myideaisthatwewillallgoexceptlily.

That’swhatweshoulddo.

Thequestionishowwecangetthere.

Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.

ThatiswhenIwas13.Yourcoatiswhereyouleftit.

宾语从句：

Idon’tknowwhathelikes.Iknowthathewillcome.

Doyouknowhowhecome?

MyteacherissatisfiedwithwhatIdid.

同位语从句：

（fact，news,hope,belief,thought,question,doubt,problem,possibility…）

WeexpressedthehopethatwewouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.

ThenewsthathediedmadeTomsad.

Theboy’squestionwhytheskyisblueisdifficulttoanswer.

Whether和if的区别：

1whether可以引导主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句；2if只能引导宾语从句（当it作形式主语时可以用if来引导主语从句）3通常whether可以和ornot连用,极少数情况if和ornot连用。

4.作介词宾语时只能用whether.5.一般作宾语情况下，用whether+todosth.的结构;6.从句是否定句时常用if

Eg.Whetherhewillcomeisaquestion.

Theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.（不能用if）

Iwonderwhether（if）hewillcome.

Theyaskedif（whether）theycouldrentpartsofthefactory.

Theproblemwhetherhewillcomeisstillbeingdiscussed.

Itdependsonwhetherhewillcome.（只能用whether）

Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.

Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.

Iwonderifhewon’tcome.

虚拟语气：

表示动作或状态不是事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、建议或推测等。

陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的、符合事实的。

形式上也有所不同：

Ifitrainstomorrow,ourpicnicwillbeputoff.

Ifitrainedtomorrow,ourpicnicwillbeputoff.

一般的虚拟语气给出假设的条件

表示与事实相反的情况

从句主句

现在事实相反动词过去式（were）should/could/night/would+V

将来wereto（should）+V

动词过去式（were）should/could/night/would+V

过去事实相反had+doneshould/…havedone

Ifhewereolder,wecouldtakehimwithus.IfIhadthetime,I’dtakeavacation.

IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheoffer.

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.

shouldrain

rained

Ifshehadworkedhard.Shewouldhavepassedtheexam.

Withoutbutforstorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.

Iwasillthatdayotherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpastinthesportsmeet.

Period3含蓄条件句

Teachingaim

*混合时间条件句,主句动作和从句动作发生时间不一致，根据情况加以调整。

Ifshehadn’ttrainedsohard,shewouldn’tbeabletorunsofast.

过去现在

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothetheatre.

现在过去

*省略if,were,had,should倒装

Hadheworkedhard,hemighthavepassedtheexam.

WereIyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.

Shoulditraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.

3、

ifonly过去式（were）

→should/could/might/would+V

wishhad+done

IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday.Iwereyou.

Iwishhehadn’tgone.HewishedIwouldgowithhim.

suggest,demand,order,insist,request,ask,propose,command（should）+V

Isuggestthatwe（should）setoffrightaway.

OurEnglishteacherinsistedthathe（should）domorespeaking.

Idemandthathe（should）answermeimmediately.

主语从句

Itisnecessary/important/natural/strangethat…

Itissuggested/ordered/insisted/demand

表语从句：

suggestion,advice,proposal,order,decision,plan

Weagreedwithhissuggestionthatme（should）gotothepark..

It’stimethatIwouldrather

定语从句：

形容词用来修饰名词、代词或名词短语，被修饰的词叫作先行词：

1、Themanwhothatisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.

Doyouknowthemanwhothatisdrivingthetruck?

2、Heistheman（who/whom/that）youarelookingfor

Theprofessor（whom/that/who）youwishtoseehasgonetoShanghai.

3、Thisisthewomanscientistwhosenameisknowntoeverybody.

Thedictionarywhosecoverisblueismine.

4、Chinaisacountrythat|whichhasalonghistory.

5、Thepen（that|which）yougivemeisverynice.

6、Therearesomeinterestingplays（that|which）Iallliketosee.

7、Wewon’tforgetthedayswhenwestayedwithyou.

ThathappenedonthedaywhenIsawyou.

8、Thisistheplacewherewecanswim.

ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.

9、ThatisthereasonwhyIdidit.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhesaidthat

10、Thatistheway（how）inwhich|that|、theyovercomedifficulty.

Idon’tlikethewayinwhich|that|、hetalkedtome.

11、Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulmovie“Hero”asisdirectedbyZhangYimou.

Thisissodifficultaproblemasisraisedatthemeeting.

12、介词+whom/which

Yesterdaywehadameetingatwhichwediscussedmanyproblems.

ThegirltowhomIspokeismysister.

13、数词|代词|名词+of+which|whom

Ihave3children,2ofwhomaredoctors.

Ilikeintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.

14、Asisreported,chinaisadevelopingcountry.

Hediedyesterday,whichmadeussad.

which,as→先行词可以是一种

which不放在句首定语从句为否定词

as可放在句首、句中、句末“正如”

Myparentstreatmeasababy,whichIcan’tbear.

Asisknown,hewonthegame.

Heasisknown,wonthegame.非限制性

Hewonthegame,asisknown.限制性

15、介词+which+nwhich作为同位语

Ioftengetupat6atwhichtimeitisstilldarkinwinter.

which与that的区别

①、which可以引导非限制性定语that不能

Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.

②、which之前可以有介词，而that之前不可以。

ThisisthehouseinwhichMarkTwainusedtolive.

③、在一个句子中，一个用that从句，另一个用which

HeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIboughtintheshopwhichisnearhere.

用that不用which

1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰

ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.

3、先行词为不定代词all,any,some,something,anything,everything,none,theone,littlemuch用that

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

That‘sallthathecando.

4、当先行词用thevery,theonly,fewlittle,no,some,any,each,everynoneof修饰时

Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.

5、当先行词即由指人、物两个并列名词组成时，that

Hetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethathemetatschool.

6、本身关系代词作为定语从句的表语

Myhometownisnolongertheplace（that）itusedtobe.

7、当主句有以which或who开头的疑问句时

Whichisthehotelthatheaskedjustnow?

Whoisthemanthatshookhandswithyoujustnow?

8、一个句子中有两个定语从句，有一个which，另一个只用that

Hevisitedthefactory,whichproducedthingsthatsoldwell.

that可以做关系副词常常省略waydaymomenttime

Thisisthefirsttimethattheyhavegonethere.

Inthe10daysIwasthere.Igained2poundsinweight.

用who不用that时

1、先行词为-body,-one,those,ones,one,anyone多用who

ThosewhocamefromBeijingcomethisway.

※but:

who/thatnotTherearefewofusbutadmireyourdetermination.Thereisnotoneofusbutwishestohelpyou.

2、当先行词有较长修饰语或定语从句被分隔

HemethisfriendinLondonwhoworkedinafactory.

AteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.

3、当先行词为集合名词→集体that/which

个体who

Ourteam,whichtookthesecondplacelastyear,playedbetterthisyear.

Ourteam,whoareallundertheageof20,willdowellinthefinalwatch.

4、同一个句子中，两个定语从句，一个用that，另一个用who

ThegirlyoumetyesterdayisanEnglishteacherwhoteacheswell.

Period4主谓一致

1、语法一致

1、不定式，doingsth,从句作为主语+V（sin）

Eg:

Tostudyhardisveryimportant.Smokingisbadforyourhearth.WhatIsaidistrue.

2、※what主语从句标语是（pl）→可用单、可用复

WhatIsawwas/were2books

What-clause本身为复数概念

WhatIseeandthinkis/arenobusinessofyou.

3、不可数n、单数n，抽象n、物质n+V（sin）

Tomis13.Thenewsisbad.Waterisimportantforourlift.Successisimportant.

4、and连接两个n一般用V（pl）

TomandMikearegoodfriends.Baseballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.

5、and连接的并列主语在意义上指的同一人、同一物、同一概念时

Thepoetandmusicianisayoungwoman.TheprofessorandthewritercomefromCanada.

Awatchandchainwasfoundonthedesk.Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.

Aknifeandforkislaidonthetable.

情态动词：

表示说话人的情感和态度，有一定的词