英语语法完全版2.docx
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英语语法完全版2
约有90个双宾动词可有两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。
如果直接宾语紧跟在这些动词后面,间接宾语可变成由to引起的短语,这些动词则成了及物动词:
Helentmehisknife.=Helenthisknifetome.Helefthertenthousanddollars.=Helefttenthousanddollarstoher.更多例句:
a.HegaveJohnacigarette(oranEnglishlesson),offeredmetea(oraposition,abribe),handedhisbrotherthesalt(ortheletter),deliveredthemthegoods(oraletter,themessage),passedmethebutter,broughtmemybook(oracupoftea),took(orcarried)meanumbrella,leftmesomecakes(orafreechoice),returnedmethebook(oranangrylook),threwmeamagazine(oraword),tossed(orcast,flung)thebeggarapenny.b.Heprovided(orfurnished,supplied)us(with)foodandeverythingnecessary,presentedme(with)agooddictionary.(用with时较不用时为多)Itaffordedmeanopportunity(orgreatpleasure,satisfaction).Herenderedhisbossaservice(orassistance,theaccount),tenderedmehisresignation(orhisservices),administeredmeablow,caused(oroccasioned)mesomuchpain(oranxiety,heavyloss,inconvenience,sometrouble),dealtmeascolding.c.Hegrantedmeanaudience(oracredit,aholiday,are-quest),metedusoutrewardandpunishment,allowedthemmoretime(oraholiday,tendollars),awardedmetheprize(orfullmarks),accordedhertheprivilege(orawarmwelcome,duepraise).Herefusedmeadmittance(ortherequest,thisfavour,theloanofabook),deniedmenothing(orjustice,allcomfort,help),(be)grudgedmemysalary(ormyhonour),barrednofriendshishouse.d.Heassignedmeaduty(orasmallroom),allottedmeagarden(orafewexercises),prescribedmeamilkdiet(oraduty),apportionedusdifferentduties,issuedmeapermit(oradrivinglicense).Thehardwarestoreshippedmeabigmachine(orsomeutensils).Heforwarded(orsent,dispatched,posted,mailed)heraparcel.Theypaidmethesalary(orthetaxifare,thetuition,theprice),reimbursedmethecosts,advancedmeamonth'ssalary(or1000dollars),remittedmeathousanddollars,lentmesomemoney,owedmeadebt(orthanks,obligations),soldrichcustomersgooddiamondsandsoldotherspoorgoods,chargedmenotuition(oradollar),loanedmetheircar,rentedmeahouse.e.Heplayedmeatune(orapiece),sangmeaJapanesesong(=singaJapanesesongtomeorforme),extendedusawarmwelcome,stoodmechampagne,servedmeagooddinner,fedhisdogbeef.Hewishesmegoodluck(orgoodevening,everyjoy,asafejourney,thecomplimentsoftheseason,agoodnight),bademeawelcome(oradieu,goodmorning),wavedmeadieu(oragreeting),noddedmeawelcome(orapproval),bowedmehisheartiestthanks,paidthemavisit(orhisrespects).
f.Hewrotemeletters(orafewlines),answeredmenothing(ornotaword,aquestion),scrawledmeanote,readmetheletter(orapoem,alesson),toldmeastory(oreverything),foretoldmemyfuture,showedmehiscare(ormuchkindness),pointedmeoutmymistake,whisperedmeapieceofnews,telegraphed(orwired,faxed,cabled)mefulldetailsoftheresult,telephoned(orphoned)methedetails(orthecurrentprice),transmittedmeamessage,taughtmeChinese(ormusic,alesson,singing,obedience),preachedusaverygoodsermon,pledgedmehisfriendship,putmeaquestion,quotedmeaninstance.
g.Hebequeathed(orwilled)hischildrenalargefortune(orallhisproperty),leftmealargefortune.
Theyyieldedtheenemytheirposition,cededhimtheland,concededhimtheprivileges(orthefavoursheasked).
Theyguaranteedmesatisfaction(orregularemployment,punctualarrival),insured(orassured)mesuccess(successtomeorforme),promisedmeassistance.
Herecommendedmeagoodbook(oragoodservant).
Theydidhimharm(orhonour,good,justice,wrong,credit,afavour,agoodturn,aninjustice,aninjury,akindness,aservice),causedusalotofmischief.
Theymadehimavisit(oranoffer,apromise,noreply,someanswers).
直接宾语亦称作事物宾语(Thing-Object),而间接宾语亦称作表人宾语(Person-Object)。
不过间接宾语间或也指事物:
Henevergivesthematterasecondthought,doesnotgivetheplanatrial,wisheditahappyending,allowedhisimaginationafullplay.
直接宾语可以是代词:
Don'ttellherthat.Hetoldhisbrotherthat.Whoaskedyouthis?
Whogaveit(to)you?
Wegaveit(to)him.Iwillpayit(to)youall.
尽管上面句中的间接宾语可以变作to引起的短语,但这种短语少用为宜,但在下面这类句子中,却用以to引起的短语较好:
Toyou,Igivethis.(间接宾语为了强调而提前)
TothePresident,Iwritethisletter.
Towhomdoyougiveit?
(和一个疑问代词连用)
Whodoyougiveitto?
Whichboydoyousingto,Mary?
Themantowhomyoutoldthestoryismyuncle.(和关系代词连用)
Ihavegiventohim.(直接宾语省略)
Iwillwritetohim.
PleasedelivertoJohn.
IhavegiventhebooktoMary,thebeststudentinclass.(间接宾语比直接宾语更长更重要)
IonlyteachEnglishtostudentswhoaretrulyanxioustolearn.
Theletter,Ihavesenttohim.(直接宾语放在句首)
Allthesevaluablethings,hegavetome.
Somedictionarieshavebeengiventothelibrary.
(直接宾语是被动动词的主语)
Aletterwillbesenttohim.
boughtadogforme.)
约有35个双宾动词用两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。
这种动词可变成及物动词,这时间接宾语应改作由for引起的宾语:
Heorderedmeabook.=Heorderedabookforme.
Shemademeadress.=Shemadeadressforme.
更多例句:
a.Hebuilthimselfahut.
Theshoemakerturnsmeout100pairsofshoes.
HunanProvinceyieldChinaalotofrice.
Shewovemeagarland.
ThecarpentermadeUncleabeautifuldesk.
Shecookedmeeggs.
Sheboiledmesomewater.
Fixmeadrink.
Pleasespreadmesomebreadwithbutter.
Iwillcutyouasliceofbread.
Pourmeoutsometea(orcoffee).
Pleasefillmesomewine.
b.Pleasepullmeachairtothetable.
Pleasefetchmeadictionary(oradoctor).
Hereachedmeapencil.
I'llputyouachairoverthere.
Hegatheredmesomestamps.
Hechosehiswifeanicedress.
Pickmeoutadozenoranges.
Canyoumatchmethiscloth?
c.Canyoufind(orget,secure,obtain)meajob?
Theyreservedusahotelroom,calledusataxi,boughtusalunch.
Thebookwonhimagoodname,earnedhimalotofmoney,butcreatedhimmanyenemies.
Thisincidentacquired(orgained)himwealth.
I'vegotmemoneyenough,willbuymesomeliquor.(口语体)
Youhavesavehimsomuchtrouble(ortime,money).
Canyousparemeafewminutes(oronedollar)?
Couldyouchangemethisfive-poundnote(orten-dollarbill)?
Canyoucashmethisbill?
上面句子中的间接宾语可以变作由for引起的短语,在1424节中所说情况下,必须改成这种短语:
Foryoualone,Icookthisfish.
Formyfamily,Imustsavesomemoney.
Forwhomdoyoubuildsobigahouse?
Who(m)doyouchoosethisclothfor?
Thepersonforwhomyoumadeadresswasmyniece.
Iwillcookforyou.
Pleasecall(ataxi)forme.
ShepouredoutcoffeeforJohn,themanshelovedmost.
IwillgetajobforJohn,whohasbeenjoblessformanymonths.
Thistroubleyoucansaveformeandmanyothers.
Agoodnamewillthisgoodworkgainforhim,butnotwealth.
Threetaxiswerecalledforus.
Amagnificentpalacewasbuiltforthekingandqueen.
21.S+DV+N+N(Johnenviedmemydog.)
约有70个双宾动词虽然可以变作及物动词,却不在表人的宾语前用介词to或for。
这时有几种情况:
a.有些动词后,表人宾语前用另一介词;b.有些动词后,事物宾语前有一介词;c-f.其他动词很少变作及物动词:
a.Theyplayed(orserved)Johnatrick(orabadturn),bestowedhimhonour(oratitle,praise),enjoined(orimposed)meobedience(oraduty),(=TheyplayedatrickonJohn,servedatrickonhim,bestowedhonouronhim,…)
Sheflunghimawink,flashedmeaglance,shotJohnanangrylook,castmeaglance,dealt(orhit)himablow.(=Sheflungawinkathim,flashedaglanceatme,…)
Theyboreusmalice(orillwill,hatred),wageduswar.(=Theyboremaliceagainstus,wagedwaragainstus,…)
Heboremegreataffection(orgoodwill).(=Heboregreataffectionforme,…)
Heaskedmesomequestions(orthetime,myname,myaddress,theway,thefare,theprice,thereason,thecause).(=Heaskedsomequestionsofme,…)
Heaskedyouafavour(orpermission,akindness).(=Heaskedafavourfromyou,…)
b.HeenviedJohnhisnewcar(orhisprettywife),forgaveusoursins(orourdebt,ournegligence,ourmisconduct),pardonedmethequestion(ormyoffence),excusedmemyasking,tookmeoutawalk(oranairing,adrive).(=HeenviedJohnforhisnewcar,forgaveusforoursins,…)
Hebanishedmetherealm,dismissedmetheclub(ortheservice),expelledmetheschool.(=Hebanishedmefromtherealm,dismissedmefromtheclub,…)
c.Hefinedmetendollars,wagered(orbet)metendollars(thatJohnwouldwin),bidmehalftheprice,quotedyouthebestprice(oraproverb),tippedmeonedollar(orthewink).
Itcostshimtwelvedollars(ormuchtrouble,hislife),takesmesixdays(orallmylife)todothat,willlastmethreeyears.
Thebusinesslostmeallmycapital,profitedmealotofmoney,nettedhimathousanddollarsdaily.
d.Istruckhimaheavyblow,fetchedhimaslap(oraboxontheear)caughtthatmantwokicksinthestomach,hithisfacearap,hithimahardblow.(所有斜体动词都是gave的意思)
Shekissedhimgoodnight(orgood-bye,awelcome,aheartykiss),swepthimalook(orabow,acurtsy),blewhimakiss.
Sheborehimwitness(orcompany),kepthimcompany,hasbornehimthreechildren.
Theymademeapresent(orsomeallowance,arequest,anapology).
e.Itbodes(orportends)usnogood(orevil).Heprophesiedmesuccess.
Hesetusatask(ortheexaminationpaper,agoodexample).(Cf.Hesetataskforus.)
Thedoctororderedmeacompleterest(oraspecialdiet,silence).
Heforbadehischildrentobacco(ortheuseofliquorordrugs).
Hedeignedmenoreply.
f.Shedroppedmeafewlines(oranote,apostcard,acurtsy).
Iencloseyoualistofnewproducts.
Heledmea(pretty)dance(oradog'slife).
Hecalledmenames.
Heletmeblood.
Hemeans(orintends)younoharm.
22.S+DV+N+W-CLorW-I(JohnshowedmewhatIshoulddoorwhattodo.)
约有10个动词用名词或代词作间接宾语,却用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作直接宾语:
Englishgrammarshowsushowweshouldmakesentences(=howtomakesentences).
Pleasetellmewhichbookweshouldchoose(=whichbooktochoose).
CanyouadvisemewhatImustdo(=whattodo)?
Heaskedmewherehecouldgettheentranceticket(=wheretogettheentranceticket).
HeremindedmewhenImustgo(=when