自考英语二试题.docx

自考英语二试题.docx

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自考英语二试题

2008年10月自考英语

（二）试题

I．VocabularyandStructure

1.Ifyou____inignoringmyinstructions,Ishallhavetopunishyou.

A.exist

B.resiste

C.persist

D.insist

2．Economics,studentneedsandournewunderstandingsofhowpeoplelearnare____tobreakthetraditionaleducationmonopoly.

A.tempted

B.bound

C.obliged

D.determined

3.Ishallcometothemeeting.Ican’tstaytilltheend,_____.

A.though

B.somehow

C.therefore

D.otherwise

4.Theysaidhewas_____ofholdingpublicoffice,sotheydecidedtodeprivehimofhispost.

A.irrelevant

B.irresponsible

C.incapable

D.indifferent

5.Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomestics_____muchmediaattention.

A.received

B.perceived

C.inspected

D.suspected

6.Themassescannot____hunting,forverysoontherewouldbenoanimalslefttohunt.

A.gothrough

B.goinfor

C.goover

D.gointo

7.Notuntilquitedrecently_____thatlanguagewascloselyrelatedtoculture.

A.Irealized

B.didrealizeI

C.realizedI

D.didIrealize

8.Robotsareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobs_____weldingandpainting.

A.for

B.like

C.of

D.as

10.Lotsofdependentbabiesare______ofaliabilitythannumbersoftheinactiveaged.

A.better

B.more

C.larger

D.greater

II.ClozeTest

Choiseistheopportunitytoselectamongalternatives.Ifthereisnochoise,thereisnodecisiontobemade.Decision__11__istheprocessofchoosing,andmanydecisionshaveabroadrangeofchlise.Forexample,astudent__12__beabletochooseamonganumberofdifferentcoursesinordertoimplementthedecisiontoobtainacollegedegree.Formanager,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthe__13__.Theseconstraintsexist__14__alllevelsoftheorganization.

Alternativesarethepossiblecousesofaction__15__choicescanbemade.Iftherearenoalternatives,thereisnochoiceand,therefore,__16__decision.__17__noalternativesareseen,oftenitmeansthatathoroughjobofexaminingtheproblemshasnotbeendone.Forexample,managerssometimes__18__problemsinaneither/orfashion;thisistheirwayofsimplifyingcomplexproblems.Butthetendencyto__19__blindsthemtootheralternatives.

Atthemanageriallevel,decisionmakingincludeslimitingalternativesaswellasidentifyingthem,andtherangeisfromhighlylimited__20__practicallyunlimited.

11.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake

12.A.mustB.canC.mayD.should

13.A.similarB.sameC.soonD.like

14.A.atB.forC.onD.over

15.A.amongwhatB.betweenthemC.ofthatD.fromwhich

16.A.somewhatB.someC.noD.any

17.A.AsB.IfC.WhileD.Though

18.A.treatB.meetC.faceD.deal

19.A.satisfyB.simplifyC.identifyD.modify

20.A.beforeB.inC.toD.after

PassageOne

Inrecentyearsmanycompaniesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?

Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworker’slifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,varietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachineswhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanonelargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisthedegreeofworkers’contributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?

Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterwirkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

21.Thepassageismainlyabouthowto____.

A.promoteworkers’competition

B.meetworker’sneedforvariety

C.ensureworkers’rightofchoice

D.improveworkers’performance

22.Accordingtothewriter,varietyenablesaworkerto_____.

A.derivemoreenjoymentfromlife

B.workinhisownwaymorefreely

C.fulfillhisjobrequirementsbetter

D.undertakegreaterresponsibilities

23.Welearnfromthepassagethatfreedomofchoice_____.

A.canhardlyfunctioninaflexiblemanner

B.canhardlyleadtoincreasedproductivity

C.ishardlyseenaseffectivebycompanies

D.ishardlyavailableinthemodernfactory

24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwithlargeproductionlines,smalleronesgiveworkers____.

A.agreatervarietyofinterestingtasks

B.astrongersenseofaccomplishment

C.abetterideaofthemodernindustry

D.aclearerpictureofessentialfactors

25.Accordingtothewriter,higherpaycan_____.

A.maketiringworkmoreinteresting

B.makeupforlongerworkinghours

C.helpworkerstolivemorehappily

D.helptocreategreaterprocuctivity

PassageTwo

Weliveinatechnologicalsociety.Almosteveryaspectoflifeinthemodernworldisinfluenced（forbetterorworse）bytechnology.Communications,transportation,manufacturing,miningandexploration,theserviceindustries,medicine,agricultureallaredominatedbymethodsandapparatuswhicharetheresultsoftechnologicaladvances.Thebasisoftechnologyisscience.withoutthefundamentaldiscoveriesandunderstandingprovidedbyscience,technologywouldbehit-or-miss（随意的）affair,lackingdirectionandmakinglittleprogress.Onecanarguethatoursocietyisbeginningtosufferfromtoomuchtechnology,butwewillneverreturntotheprimitivelifeofourancestors–technologyiswithusanditwillremainwithus.

Justasitisimportanttostudyhistorysothatwecanappreciatehowtheworldcametoitspresentstate,itisimportanttolearnsomeofthebasicconceptsofsciencesothatwecanappreciatetherolethattechnologyplaysinmodernsociety.Forwithoutsomeknowledgeofthescientificprinciplesbywhichtechnologyoperates,onecanneightercopewithtechnologynorassistindirectingitintotheproperchannels.

Inrecenttimes,wehavehadthegeneralattitudethatwhateveristechnologicallypossibleshouldbedone.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatourscientificandtechnologicalprogresshasoutstripped（超越）ourcapacitytoperformorabsorbeverythingthatispossible.Moreandmore,weweillhavedecisionstomake:

inwhatdirectionsshouldthethrustofournewdiscoveriesbemade?

Thesituationrequiresthatwemakeintelligentdecisions–decisionsbasedinaknowledgeandanunderstandingofwhatcanbedone,whatwillbethebenefits,andwhatweillbethecomsequences.Scientistsdonotmakethesedecisions;peoplemakethem.Itisthereforeincumbent（义不容辞的）oneveryindividualtoacquirethebasicknowledgethatweillpermithimtoparticipateintelligentlyindirectingthecourseofourtechnologicaladvancement.

26.Accordingtothepassage,technologycan____.

A.producebadeffectsonsociety

B.sufferfromhit-or-missaffairs

C.influencethecourseofscience

D.restorelifeoftheprimitiveage

27.Accordingtothepassage,onemustlearnbasicconceptsofscienceinorderto____.

A.assistindirectingscienceinaproperway

B.contributetotheorientationoftechnology

C.discovertheprogressofscienceinhistory

D.findoutabouttheexistenceoftechnology

28.Becausethehumancapaitytoperformorabsorbeverythingthatispossiblehasbeenoutstripped,itistimeforpeopleto____.

A.slowdownthedevelopmentoftechnology

B.reducetheroleofscienceinmoderntimes

C.takeanewpointofviewabouttechnology

D.reevaluatethelifestyleofhumanancestors

29.Accordingtothewrite,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytoparticipateindecidingon____.

A.howfastscientificadvancementshouldbe

B.howfasttechnologicalprogressshouldbe

C.whattoacquireandwhattoskipinscience

D.whattodoandwhattoavoidintechnology

30.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.theinfluenceoftechnologyonmodernsociety

B.theimportanceoflearningscientificprinciples

C.theimp;actofscientificprogressoncivilization

D.thedifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology

PassageThree

Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonoutinterpesonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyproblems.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefightoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmak