届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破科普知识与现代科技.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破科普知识与现代科技
科普知识与现代科技
一、阅读理解
1 Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.
ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(伞蓬)builtintoastreetlamp,”hesaid.
TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemandSensors(传感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.
Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.
Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安装)at2metresofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.
WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.
1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella?
A.Topredictaheavyrain.
B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.
C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.
D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.
2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev'swordsinParagraph2?
A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.
B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.
C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.
D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.
3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?
A.motor→canopy→sensors
B.sensors→motor→canopy
C.motor→sensors→canopy
D.canopy→motors→sensors
4.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?
A.Itsmovingspeed.
B.Itsappearance.
C.Itsinstallation.
D.Itssafety.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.
B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.
C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.
D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.
2 ScientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenstudyingthewarmingofwatersinthePacificOceanknownasElNino(厄尔尼诺).TheappearanceofElNinoisknowntoaffecttheweatheraroundtheworld.Scientistsstilldonotcompletelyunderstandit.Yettheynowfindtheycanuseittotellaboutthefutureindifferentareasoftheworld.
OneexampleistheworkoftwoscientistsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,MarkCaneandGordonEshel.AscientistofZimbabwe(津巴布韦),RogerBucklandworkedwiththem.TheyhavefoundthatwhenElNinoappears,Zimbabwehaslittleornorain.ThismeanscorncropsinZimbabwearepoor.ThelastElNinowasin1991to1993.ThatwaswhensoutheasternAfricasufferedaseriouslackofrain.
Thescientistswroteabouttheirrecentworkinthepublication(出版物)Nature.TheircomputerprogramcantellwhenanElNinowilldevelopuptoayearbeforeitdoes.TheysuggestthatthiscouldprovideaneffectiveearlywarningsystemforsouthernAfrica,andcouldpreventmanypeoplefromstarving.
1.ElNinoisknownas___.
A.thechangingoftheweatherinsouthernAfrica
B.thewarmingofwatersinthePacificOcean
C.theweatherwhichbringsdrought(旱灾)toAfrica
D.theweatherphenomenon(现象)thatbringsheavyrainstoAfrica
2.ScientistsstudyElNinoinorderthat___.
A.theycanprovideakindofearlywarningtotheplacethatwillsufferfromdrought
B.theycantellwhyZimbabwehaslittleornorain
C.theycandosomeresearchworkinthisfield.
D.theycanputallthisinformationintotheircomputers.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.ScientistscometounderstandhowElNinoappears.
B.ThreescientistsfromtheUSAworkonthissubject.
C.SouthernAfricasufferedaseriousdroughtandmanypeoplediedfromhunger.
D.ElNinohassomethingtodowithZimbabwe’spoorcrops.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?
A.Thecomputerisusedinthisresearchwork.
B.ScientistsknowwhenanElNinoappearsbymeansofthecomputerprogram.
C.Thescientistspublishedtheirresultsoftheresearchwork.
D.Natureisthenameofthearticlewrittenrecentlybythescientists.
5.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.AppearanceofElNinoisPredictable(可预测的)
B.DroughtinZimbabwe
C.EarlyWarningSystem
D.WeatherinAfrica
3. Organic(有机的)farmingisatypeofagriculturethatbenefitsfromtherecyclinganduseofnaturalproducts.Useofdriedplantsnotonlysavesmoney,butalsoensuresthegrowthofcrops.Thetechniqueischaracterizedbytheuseofgreenmanure(肥料),biologicalpestcontrolmethodsandspecialfarmingtechniquestokeepsoilproductivity.Limitingtheuseofman-madechemicalsor completely doingawaywiththemreducestheriskofdiseases.Today,organicfarmingisamajorandpreferredindustryaroundtheworld.Organicallygrownfoodproductshaveahugemarket,withfarmlandscoveringabout10% ofthetotalworld-farmlandcover.ThehardworkofSirAlbertHoward,theFatherofOrganicFarming,haspaidoff.
AdvantagesofOrganicFarming:
(1)Theeconomicsoforganicfarmingarecharacterizedbyincreasingprofitsthroughreducedwateruseandreducedsoilerosion(侵蚀).
(2)Organicfarmingproducesthesamecropsasthoseproducedthroughtraditionalfarmingmethods,butuseshalftheenergy,andholds40%moretopsoil.
(3)Farmingtheorganicwayenablesfarmerstogetridofweedswithouttheuseofanychemicals.
(4)Theuseofgreenpesticides(杀虫剂)isenvironmentallyfriendlyanddoesnoharmtohuman’shealth.
DisadvantagesofOrganicFarming:
(1)Organicmethodsoffarmingproduceless,comparedtotraditionalfarmingtechniques.
(2)Organicagriculturedoeslittletofightglobalclimatechange.ThoughorganicfarmingpracticesarerecognizedasgivingoutlessCO2,butnottoasignificantdegree.
However,thoughtherearesomedisadvantagestoorganicfarming,farmswhereorganicmethodsforcroppinghavebeenusedhavemoreadvantagesthantraditionalfarms.Organicagricultureissurelybetterinthelongterm.
1.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1showsthatSirAlbertHoward________.
A.workedhardfornothing
B.succeededinorganicfarming
C.spentallhistimeonorganicfarming
D.didn’texpectorganicfarmingtobesuccessful
2.Accordingtothepassage,comparedtotraditionalfarming,organicfarming________.
a.ismoreenvironmentallyfriendly
b.producesalotmorefood
c.useslessenergy
d.resultsinmoreweedsinthefarmland
e.isbetterforhuman’shealth
A.abc
B.acd
C.ace
D.bce
3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardorganicfarmingis________.
A.anxious
B.hopeless
C.unclear
D.optimistic
4.Thewriterwrotethispassagetotellus________.
A.thedevelopmentofagriculture
B.whatkindoffoodisbeinggrownatpresent
C.whyorganicfarmingissopopulararoundtheworld
D.whatorganicfarmingisanditsadvantagesanddisadvantages
4. Gettingstuckinatrafficjamisoneofthemostboringproblemsforpeoplelivinginbigcities.Thefactthatyou’removingsoslowlyleadstoostress,angerandthewishthatyourcarcouldjustflyoverthetrafficlikeanairplane.
Soon,however,thatwishcouldcometrue.OnMay8,UScar-rentingcompanyUbershowedoffwhatitdescribedas“thetransportationmodeofthefuture:
on-demandair transport,”reportedABCNews.
AccordingtoNikhillGoel,headofproductsforUberAir,thecompany'sairtaxiservicemaylaunchtestflightsintheUScitiesofDallasandLosAngeles,aswellasDubaiintheUnitedArabEmirates,asearlyas2020.Ifeverythinggoesaccordingtoplan,passengerswillbeabletoflytoworkby2023.
WhentheOlympicscomestoLosAngelesin2028.Uber“expectstohavehundreds,ifnotthousands,ofitsaircraftintheskies.”GoeltoldNewsweek.
SowhatwouldUber'sflyingvehiclesbelike?
Theyaresmall,electricaircraftthattakeoffandlandvertically(垂直地),thergiveoffzeroemissions(排放)andarequietenoughtooperateincities.
Justlikeanairplane,thevehicleswillhavefixedwingstohelpthemglide.Butwhileahelicopterhasjustonebigfixedrotor(定量).Uber'svehicleswillhavemultiplerotors,whichwillhelpincreasefuelefficiency(效率)whilereducingemissionsandnoise.
Becauseofthesefixedwinesandmultiplerotors.Uber’sflyingtaxis“shouldbequieterandsaferthanahelicopter.”reportedABCNews.
However,theservicestillhasalongwaytogobeforeit'sreadytoacceptpassengers.Forexample,toavoidanypotentialaccidents.UberisworkingwithNASAtostudyairtrafficcontrolproblemsassociatedwithlow-flyingaircraft.ButjustasDubai'sMayorBettyPricesaidinanewsrelease.“Thisprogramisrevolutionaryandfuture-oriented(面向未来的).”
1.Uber'sflyingtaxisareexpectedtostarttotakepassengersin_______.
A.2020
B.2023
C.2028
D.2030
2.Howarebersflyingtaxisdifferentfromhelicopters?
A.Theyhaveonebigrotor
B.Theyneedmorefueltofly.
C.Theyhavefewerfixedwings
D.Theyshould