PREPOG13语法总结.docx

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PREPOG13语法总结.docx

PREPOG13语法总结

1.句子残缺

i.缺动词:

2.固定搭配

Øfailtodosth

Øthemethodistodosth

ØIncontrastwith/to

ØHelp:

helpsb(to)dosth,Help(to)do,behelpfulin(要注意)

Øestimate用法

✓estimate(that)(不需加原V)

✓estimate+N+tobeN(adj)(prep2-51)

✓estimate+N+at+价格等数量词(估价)(除此概念以外优先用estimatedtobe表达)

如:

40to44millionyears是时间概念,要用estimatedtobe40to44millionyearsold.

Øcontraryto:

一般接抽象名词(ideas,opinions,oractions),在句首的时候不需要逻辑主语

Øthesame…as

✓Galileowasconvincedthatnaturalphenomena,asmanifestationsofthelawsofphysics,wouldappearthesametosomeoneonthedeckofashipmovingsmoothlyanduniformlythroughthe waterastoa personstandingonland.

Øseem的用法:

✓seemtodosth

Itseemsthat+从句

Itseemsasif+从句

Ødebilitation和debilitating区别:

debilitation虚弱,乏力,debilitating使虚弱的

Øadvocate及物动词arguefor

Øtherivalsxandy/therivalrybetweenXandY

Øbeexpendedon/insth

Øenshrine通常用被动,enshrinein或者beenshrinedin被动语态

Øaswellas有主次之分,A是主,B是次

Ørequire的用法:

✓requiredsometime/sbtodosth,Requiresb.doing…错误

✓berequiredtodosth,

✓requirethatsb(should)dosth

✓requireofsbthat..(should)do..需要某人做某事

✓requiredoing(require主动表被动含义)ArequiremakingknowntoB..

Ørather/instead单独用时为副词,所以加句子,不能加不定式

Ørecommend的用法:

1.推荐,推举,举荐;

a)recommendsb.sth.=recommendsth.tosb.给某人推荐

b)recommendsb.forthejob/post/position给某人推荐岗位(工作)

c)recommendsb.as+职务推荐某人做什么

2.建议,劝告,忠告;【同advise用法一样】

recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事

recommenddoingsth.建议做某事

recommend...that+主语+shoud(在GMAT中必须省略)+动词原形+其他【虚拟语气】

ps:

区别advise与suggest的用法

没有suggestsb.todosth.其余的一样。

Øtodosth.takessbsometime;

ittakessbsometimetodosth;

当sth.作主语时注意sthtakessbsometimetodo后面不加宾语

Ørestrictionon而不是for

Øaggravating使恼怒和aggravate加重

ØsuchAasB结构=AsuchasB

谓语单复数情况和A一致,因为B只是举例的内容

Øactlike和actas区别:

actlike用于修饰人,behaveinasimilarmanner,actas=fonctionas

Øannouncesthtodosth

announcesomethingtosomebody或者announcetosomebodysomething(相当于宾语后置)

announceadecision/intention/plan(在这个时候如果plan等后面接todo不会产生todo做状语修饰announce的歧义)*:

Thegovernmenthasannouncedplanstocreate10,000newjobs.

announce(that)如果宾语从句引导词that不补出,依然能使正常读者清晰断句,且announce后面常常不补出。

announcesomebody/yourself通报...的到达;通知...已准备好(注意这个短语有专门意思)

错误用法:

announcetodo/besth.

Øevidence

后面要跟同位语从句来说明evidence的具体内容,而evidencefor后面是要跟某个theory或idea来表达evidence支持该theory或idea的。

如"evidenceFORevolution"是指支持进化论的证据

Øasameansof是作为什么的一种方法,asameansto去实现什么的一种方法

ØAppear用法:

✓appearas=showupasEx:

Imperfectionsappearastinycracks.

✓appear=seem,appear+adjEx:

Heappearsconfused

✓AppeartobedoneEx:

Thedinosaurappearstohavebeenrelativelysmart.

✓Itappearsthat…Ex:

Itappearsthatthedinosaursweresmart.

Øallow用法:

✓TheholidayALLOWSMariaTOWATCHthemovie.(=permits)

MariaWASALLOWEDTOWATCHthemoive.

ThedemolitionoftheoldbuildingALLOWSFORnewconstruction(=permitstheexistenceof)

X:

TheholidayALLOWEDFORMariaTOWATCHthemovie.

TheholidayALLOWEDMariatheTHEWATCHINGOFthemovie.

TheholidayALLOWSTHAThomeworkBEdone.

HomeworkisALLOWEDFORDOINGBYMaria

TheALLOWINGOFshoppingTODO

ØAttributex(aneffect)toy(acause),被动则是:

x(theeffect)isattributedtoy(acause)

ØExpect:

后面是将来的时态

I.expecttodosth/beexpectedtofall

weexpectthepricetofall.Thepriceisexpectedtofall

II.expectthat

weexpectthatthepricewillfall.

III.Itisexpectedthat

Itisexpectedthatthepricewillfall

IIII.thereisanexpectationthat

Thereisanexpectationthatthepricewillfall.

Ødifferencefrom&difference/distinctionbetweenAandB

Ølie/lay做动词时用法说明

lie为不及物动词;lay为及物动词。

lie:

1.lie-lied-lied撒谎

2.lie-lay-lain躺着;平放,展现

lay:

lay-laid-laid产卵,下蛋;放,搁

Øconceive的固定搭配

(cannot)conceiveof(doing)something

conceivethat(不用虚拟语气)

conceiveofsomething/somebodyassomething

conceivewhat/why/howetc

conceivesth.(suchasidea)

ØTaketurnstodo/doing还是todo与doing的区别

……todo指开始着手进行尚未开始的事情

…doing指正在做已经开始的事情

两个短语分别是“依次去做”“依次在做”

Øclaim:

claimtobeableto,claimthat

Øpersuade用法(persuade不能用persuadethat一个人不能说服一件事情)

~sb.todosth

~sb.intodoingsth

~sb.ofsth

~sbthat

Øprohibit:

prohibitsth/prohibitfromdoing/prohibitsbfromdoingsth(prohibitthat,prohibitsthtobedone错误)

Ødisclose—>disclosure

Øpayment比paying好,development比developing好。

对于没有专门名词形式的动词,再应该用动名词。

Øindicate:

indicate(tosb.)something/that…显示展现

ØPresume:

✓presumethat

Ipresumewe'llbetherebysixo'clock.

✓presumesomebody/somethingtobesomebody/something(被动即sth.presumedtobe)

Fromthewayhetalked,Ipresumedhimtobeyourboss.

✓bepresumedtodosomething

ThetempleispresumedtodatefromthefirstcenturyBC.

Øthefirst…todosomething:

“数词+不定式”

Øeach型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

句子+复数名词结尾,e

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