PREPOG13语法总结.docx
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PREPOG13语法总结
1.句子残缺
i.缺动词:
2.固定搭配
Øfailtodosth
Øthemethodistodosth
ØIncontrastwith/to
ØHelp:
helpsb(to)dosth,Help(to)do,behelpfulin(要注意)
Øestimate用法
✓estimate(that)(不需加原V)
✓estimate+N+tobeN(adj)(prep2-51)
✓estimate+N+at+价格等数量词(估价)(除此概念以外优先用estimatedtobe表达)
如:
40to44millionyears是时间概念,要用estimatedtobe40to44millionyearsold.
Øcontraryto:
一般接抽象名词(ideas,opinions,oractions),在句首的时候不需要逻辑主语
Øthesame…as
✓Galileowasconvincedthatnaturalphenomena,asmanifestationsofthelawsofphysics,wouldappearthesametosomeoneonthedeckofashipmovingsmoothlyanduniformlythroughthe waterastoa personstandingonland.
Øseem的用法:
✓seemtodosth
Itseemsthat+从句
Itseemsasif+从句
Ødebilitation和debilitating区别:
debilitation虚弱,乏力,debilitating使虚弱的
Øadvocate及物动词arguefor
Øtherivalsxandy/therivalrybetweenXandY
Øbeexpendedon/insth
Øenshrine通常用被动,enshrinein或者beenshrinedin被动语态
Øaswellas有主次之分,A是主,B是次
Ørequire的用法:
✓requiredsometime/sbtodosth,Requiresb.doing…错误
✓berequiredtodosth,
✓requirethatsb(should)dosth
✓requireofsbthat..(should)do..需要某人做某事
✓requiredoing(require主动表被动含义)ArequiremakingknowntoB..
Ørather/instead单独用时为副词,所以加句子,不能加不定式
Ørecommend的用法:
1.推荐,推举,举荐;
a)recommendsb.sth.=recommendsth.tosb.给某人推荐
b)recommendsb.forthejob/post/position给某人推荐岗位(工作)
c)recommendsb.as+职务推荐某人做什么
2.建议,劝告,忠告;【同advise用法一样】
recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事
recommenddoingsth.建议做某事
recommend...that+主语+shoud(在GMAT中必须省略)+动词原形+其他【虚拟语气】
ps:
区别advise与suggest的用法
没有suggestsb.todosth.其余的一样。
Øtodosth.takessbsometime;
ittakessbsometimetodosth;
当sth.作主语时注意sthtakessbsometimetodo后面不加宾语
Ørestrictionon而不是for
Øaggravating使恼怒和aggravate加重
ØsuchAasB结构=AsuchasB
谓语单复数情况和A一致,因为B只是举例的内容
Øactlike和actas区别:
actlike用于修饰人,behaveinasimilarmanner,actas=fonctionas
Øannouncesthtodosth
announcesomethingtosomebody或者announcetosomebodysomething(相当于宾语后置)
announceadecision/intention/plan(在这个时候如果plan等后面接todo不会产生todo做状语修饰announce的歧义)*:
Thegovernmenthasannouncedplanstocreate10,000newjobs.
announce(that)如果宾语从句引导词that不补出,依然能使正常读者清晰断句,且announce后面常常不补出。
announcesomebody/yourself通报...的到达;通知...已准备好(注意这个短语有专门意思)
错误用法:
announcetodo/besth.
Øevidence
后面要跟同位语从句来说明evidence的具体内容,而evidencefor后面是要跟某个theory或idea来表达evidence支持该theory或idea的。
如"evidenceFORevolution"是指支持进化论的证据
Øasameansof是作为什么的一种方法,asameansto去实现什么的一种方法
ØAppear用法:
✓appearas=showupasEx:
Imperfectionsappearastinycracks.
✓appear=seem,appear+adjEx:
Heappearsconfused
✓AppeartobedoneEx:
Thedinosaurappearstohavebeenrelativelysmart.
✓Itappearsthat…Ex:
Itappearsthatthedinosaursweresmart.
Øallow用法:
✓TheholidayALLOWSMariaTOWATCHthemovie.(=permits)
MariaWASALLOWEDTOWATCHthemoive.
ThedemolitionoftheoldbuildingALLOWSFORnewconstruction(=permitstheexistenceof)
X:
TheholidayALLOWEDFORMariaTOWATCHthemovie.
TheholidayALLOWEDMariatheTHEWATCHINGOFthemovie.
TheholidayALLOWSTHAThomeworkBEdone.
HomeworkisALLOWEDFORDOINGBYMaria
TheALLOWINGOFshoppingTODO
ØAttributex(aneffect)toy(acause),被动则是:
x(theeffect)isattributedtoy(acause)
ØExpect:
后面是将来的时态
I.expecttodosth/beexpectedtofall
weexpectthepricetofall.Thepriceisexpectedtofall
II.expectthat
weexpectthatthepricewillfall.
III.Itisexpectedthat
Itisexpectedthatthepricewillfall
IIII.thereisanexpectationthat
Thereisanexpectationthatthepricewillfall.
Ødifferencefrom&difference/distinctionbetweenAandB
Ølie/lay做动词时用法说明
lie为不及物动词;lay为及物动词。
lie:
1.lie-lied-lied撒谎
2.lie-lay-lain躺着;平放,展现
lay:
lay-laid-laid产卵,下蛋;放,搁
Øconceive的固定搭配
(cannot)conceiveof(doing)something
conceivethat(不用虚拟语气)
conceiveofsomething/somebodyassomething
conceivewhat/why/howetc
conceivesth.(suchasidea)
ØTaketurnstodo/doing还是todo与doing的区别
……todo指开始着手进行尚未开始的事情
…doing指正在做已经开始的事情
两个短语分别是“依次去做”“依次在做”
Øclaim:
claimtobeableto,claimthat
Øpersuade用法(persuade不能用persuadethat一个人不能说服一件事情)
~sb.todosth
~sb.intodoingsth
~sb.ofsth
~sbthat
Øprohibit:
prohibitsth/prohibitfromdoing/prohibitsbfromdoingsth(prohibitthat,prohibitsthtobedone错误)
Ødisclose—>disclosure
Øpayment比paying好,development比developing好。
对于没有专门名词形式的动词,再应该用动名词。
Øindicate:
indicate(tosb.)something/that…显示展现
ØPresume:
✓presumethat
Ipresumewe'llbetherebysixo'clock.
✓presumesomebody/somethingtobesomebody/something(被动即sth.presumedtobe)
Fromthewayhetalked,Ipresumedhimtobeyourboss.
✓bepresumedtodosomething
ThetempleispresumedtodatefromthefirstcenturyBC.
Øthefirst…todosomething:
“数词+不定式”
Øeach型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子+复数名词结尾,e