linux下软件安装配置时几个命令的用法.docx

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linux下软件安装配置时几个命令的用法

linux下软件安装配置时几个命令的用法

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2010-09-1521:

57

有时候在linux下面安装软件时,有部分命令是干什么的其实自己也不是很清楚,都是按照网上的资料一步一步安装的,今天来系统的总结一下,加深一些印象。

1.hello.c

debian:

/home/server/helloword#vihello.c

intmain(intargc,char**argv){

   print("HelloWorld!

\n");

   return0;

}

2.autoscan

执行autoscan前

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

hello.c

debian:

/home/server/helloword#autoscan

执行autoscan后

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

autoscan.log configure.scan hello.c

3.编辑文件configure.in

cpconfigure.scanconfigure.in

文件configure.in的内容如下:

#                                              -*-Autoconf-*-

#Processthisfilewithautoconftoproduceaconfigurescript.

AC_INIT(hello.c)

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,1.0)

#Checksforprograms.

AC_PROG_CC

#Checksforlibraries.

#Checksforheaderfiles.

#Checksfortypedefs,structures,andcompilercharacteristics.

#Checksforlibraryfunctions.

AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

4.生成aclocal.m4及configure

可以看到configure.in内容是一些宏定义,这些宏经autoconf处理后会变成检查系统特性、环境变量、软件必须的参数的shell脚本。

执行aclocal,根据文件configure.in的内容,生成aclocal.m4文件

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

autoscan.log configure.in configure.scan hello.c

debian:

/home/server/helloword#aclocal

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in configure.scan hello.c

执行autoconf,根据文件configure.in及aclocal.m4的内容,生成configure文件,configure是一个shell脚本

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

aclocal.m4     autoscan.log configure.in   hello.c

autom4te.cache configure    configure.scan

5.新建Makefile.am

输入如下的内容:

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign

bin_PROGRAMS=hello

hello_SOURCES=hello.c

automake会根据你写的Makefile.am来自动生成Makefile.in。

Makefile.am中定义的宏和目标,会指导automake生成指定的代码。

例如,宏bin_PROGRAMS将导致编译和连接的目标被生成。

6.运行automake

debian:

/home/server/helloword#automake--add-missing

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

aclocal.m4     autoscan.log configure.in   depcomp install-sh  Makefile.in

autom4te.cache configure    configure.scan hello.c Makefile.am missing

7.执行configure生成Makefile

debian:

/home/server/helloword#./configure

checkingforaBSD-compatibleinstall.../usr/bin/install-c

checkingwhetherbuildenvironmentissane...yes

checkingforathread-safemkdir-p.../bin/mkdir-p

checkingforgawk...no

checkingformawk...mawk

checkingwhethermakesets$(MAKE)...yes

checkingforgcc...gcc

checkingforCcompilerdefaultoutputfilename...a.out

checkingwhethertheCcompilerworks...yes

checkingwhetherwearecrosscompiling...no

checkingforsuffixofexecutables...

checkingforsuffixofobjectfiles...o

checkingwhetherweareusingtheGNUCcompiler...yes

checkingwhethergccaccepts-g...yes

checkingforgccoptiontoacceptISOC89...noneneeded

checkingforstyleofincludeusedbymake...GNU

checkingdependencystyleofgcc...gcc3

configure:

creating./config.status

config.status:

creatingMakefile

config.status:

executingdepfilescommands

已经生成文件Makefile了

debian:

/home/server/helloword#ls

aclocal.m4     config.log    configure.in   hello.c    Makefile.am

autom4te.cache config.status configure.scan install-sh Makefile.in

autoscan.log   configure     depcomp        Makefile   missing

8.使用make命令通过Makefile文件编译代码

debian:

/home/server/helloword#make

gcc-DPACKAGE_NAME=\"\"-DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"\"-DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"\"-DPACKAGE_STRING=\"\"-DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"\"-DPACKAGE=\"hello\"-DVERSION=\"1.0\"-I.    -g-O2-MThello.o-MD-MP-MF.deps/hello.Tpo-c-ohello.ohello.c

mv-f.deps/hello.Tpo.deps/hello.Po

gcc -g-O2  -ohellohello.o

9.执行

debian:

/home/server/helloword#./hello

HelloWorld!

至此,大功告成。

附各个命令在linux下面的原始说明

1.autoscan

生成configure.scan文件

debian:

~#manautoscan

AUTOSCAN

(1)                         UserCommands                        AUTOSCAN

(1)

NAME

      autoscan-Generateapreliminaryconfigure.in

SYNOPSIS

      autoscan[OPTION]...[SRCDIR]

DESCRIPTION

      Examine source files in thedirectorytreerootedatSRCDIR,orthecurrent

      directoryifnoneisgiven. Searchthesource files for common portability

      problems, check forincompletenessof`configure.ac',andcreateafile`con-

      figure.scan'whichisapreliminary`configure.ac'forthatpackage.

2.autoconf

debian:

/data/wwwroot/app#autoconf--help

Usage:

/usr/bin/autoconf[OPTION]...[TEMPLATE-FILE]

GenerateaconfigurationscriptfromaTEMPLATE-FILEifgiven,or

`configure.ac'ifpresent,orelse`configure.in'. Outputissent

tothestandardoutputifTEMPLATE-FILEisgiven,elseinto

`configure'.

3.automake

debian:

~#manautomake

AUTOMAKE

(1)                                                               AUTOMAKE

(1)

NAME

      automake-automaticallycreateMakefile.in'sfromMakefile.am's

4.aclocal

debian:

~#manaclocal

ACLOCAL

(1)                                                                 ACLOCAL

(1)

NAME

      aclocal-automaticallygenerateaclocal.m4fromconfigure.in

5.libtoolize

debian:

~#manlibtoolize

LIBTOOLIZE

(1)                       UserManuals                       LIBTOOLIZE

(1)

NAME

      libtoolize-addlibtoolsupporttoyourpackage

SYNOPSIS

      libtoolize[OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

      The`libtoolize'programprovidesastandardwaytoaddlibtoolsupporttoyour

      package. Inthefuture,itmayimplementbetterusagechecking,orother fea-

      turestomakelibtooleveneasiertouse.

6.autoheader

debian:

~#manautoheader

AUTOHEADER

(1)                       UserCommands                      AUTOHEADER

(1)

NAME

      autoheader-Createatemplateheaderforconfigure

SYNOPSIS

      autoheader[OPTION]...[TEMPLATE-FILE]

DESCRIPTION

      Create a template fileofC`#define'statementsfor`configure'touse. To

      thisend,scanTEMPLATE-FILE,or`configure.ac'ifpresent, or else `config-

      ure.in'.

7.autoupdate

debian:

~#manautoupdate

AUTOUPDATE

(1)                       UserCommands                      AUTOUPDATE

(1)

NAME

      autoupdate-Updateaconfigure.intoanewerAutoconf

SYNOPSIS

      autoupdate[OPTION]... [TEMPLATE-FILE...]

DESCRIPTION

      Update the TEMPLATE-FILE... if given,or`configure.ac'ifpresent,orelse

      `configure.in',tothesyntaxofthecurrentversionofAutoconf. Theoriginal

      filesarebackedup.

8.autoreconf

debian:

~#manautoreconf

AUTORECONF

(1)                       UserCommands                      AUTORECONF

(1)

NAME

      autoreconf-Updategeneratedconfigurationfiles

SYNOPSIS

      autoreconf[OPTION]...[CONFIGURE-ACorDIRECTORY]...

DESCRIPTION

      Run `autoconf'(and`autoheader',`aclocal',`automake',`autopoint'(formerly

      `gettextize'),and`libtoolize'whereappropriate)repeatedlytoremaketheGNU

      Build SystemfilesintheDIRECTORIESorthedirectorytreesdrivenbyCONFIG-

      URE-AC(defaultingto`.').

      Bydefault,itonlyremakesthosefilesthatareolderthantheirpredecessors.

      If you install new versions of theGNUBuildSystem,running`autoreconf'

      remakesallofthefilesbygivingitthe`--force'option.

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