届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编阅读C篇.docx

届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编阅读C篇.docx

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届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编阅读C篇

2020届高三英语二模汇编——阅读C篇

1、2020黄浦二模

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

（C）

ScientistsinAntarcticahaverecorded,forthefirsttime,unusuallywarmwaterbeneathaglacier（冰川）thesizeofFloridathatisalreadymeltingandcontributingtoariseinsealevels.

Theresearchers,workingontheThwaitesGlacier,recordedwatertemperaturesatthebaseoftheiceofmorethan2℃,abovethenormalfreezingpoint.Critically,themeasurementsweretakenattheglacier’sgroundingline,theareawhereittransformsfromrestingwhollyonbedrocktospreadingoutontheseaasiceshelves.Itisunclearhowfasttheglacierisgettingworse:

Studieshaveforecastitstotalcollapseinacenturyorinafewdecades.Thepresenceofwarmwaterinthegroundinglinemaysupportestimatesatthefasterrange.

ThatisworthyofattentionbecausetheThwaites,alongwiththePineIslandGlacierandseveralsmallerglaciers,actsasabrakeonpartofthemuchlargerWestAntarcticIceSheet,whichifmelted,wouldraisetheworld’soceansbymorethanameterovercenturies,anamountthatwouldputmanycoastalcitiesunderwater.

“Warmwatersinthispartoftheworld,asremoteastheymayseem,shouldserveasawarningtoallofusaboutthepotentialterriblechangestotheplanetbroughtaboutbyclimatechange,”saidDavidHolland,directorofNewYorkUniversity’sEnvironmentalFluidDynamicsLaboratory.

GlaciologistshavepreviouslyraisedalarmoverthepresenceofwarmwatermeltingtheThwaitesfrombelow.Thisisthefirsttime,though,thatwarmwatershavebeenmeasuredattheglacier’sgroundingline.

Toobserveactivitybeneaththeglacier,Dr.Holland’steamdrilledahole—about30centimeterswideand600metersdeep—fromthesurfacetothebottomandthenplacedequipmentthatmeasureswatertemperatureandoceanturbulence,orthemixingoffreshwaterfromtheglacierandsaltyoceanwater.Collectingthedatatookabout96hoursinsubzeroweather.WarmwatersbeneaththeThwaitesareactivelymeltingit,theteamfound.

WhilescientistsmaynotyetbeabletodefinitivelypredicthowsoonglaciersliketheThwaiteswillmelt,human-causedclimatechangeisakeyfactor.Thebiggestpredictorof“howmuchicewewillloseandhowquicklywewillloseit,”Dr.Hollandsaid,“ishumanaction.”

63.Whatdoeswarmwaterfoundintheglacier’sgroundinglineindicate?

A.Sealevelsshouldberemeasured.B.Itmaytakeacenturyfortheglaciertomelt.

C.Thegroundinglineisgettingshorter.D.Theglaciermightdisappearsooner.

64.TheThwaitesandotherglaciersareimportantbecause__________.

A.theyholdbackiceB.theyareextremelylarge

C.theyarelocatedatbedrocksD.theyarecollapsing

65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheresearchers’viewpoints?

A.Wecanpredicthowmuchicecanbekept.

B.Humanbeingsaretoblameforthelossofice.

C.Glaciersserveamoreimportantpurposethanexpected.

D.Moredataneedstobecollectedtosupporttheestimates.

66.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theeffortsmadetoavoidthepresenceofwarmwater.

B.Thealarmvoicedontheworseningsituationofglaciers.

C.ThetoolsemployedtomeasurethetemperatureofAntarctica.

D.Thepredictionbasedonascientificstudyofthegroundingline.

【答案】63-66:

DABB

【难度】中等偏难

2、2020普陀二模

（C）

Thesunshowsitsfaceeveryday,butanamazingnewtelescopeisgivingusawholedifferentviewofit.Andguesswhat?

Ourfamiliarfriendintheskyhassomeimpressivefeatures!

Seenfromtheearthwithoutafancytelescope,thesunresemblesapaledisc,sortoflikeabigsugarcookieshininginthesky.However,indetailedphotosandvideocapturedbythenewtelescope,thesun’ssurfacelookslumpy（块状的）andbumpy.

Theincredibleinstrumentresponsiblefortheseeye-poppingimagesistheDanielK.InouyeSolarTelescope（DKIST）,themostpowerfulsolartelescopeintheworld.AprojectoftheNationalScienceFoundation（NSF）,thetelescopeisnamedafteraU.S.politicianwhorepresentedthestateofHawaii,whichishometothehigh-tech,high-resolutionwonder.

TheDKISTisatthesummitofHaleakalāontheislandofMaui,whichis…avolcano!

Whilethatmightsoundlikeariskyplacefora$344-millionobservatorytoperch,thevolcanoisextinct.What’smore,thecombinationofhighelevation,lowairdisturbance,anddeepblueskiesmakeitanideallocationtostudythesun.Modernastronomers（天文学家）aren’tthefirsttorecognizethatHaleakalāhasaspecialconnectiontothesun—ancientHawaiianswerewayaheadofthem.ThesummitofHaleakalāisadmiredbynativeHawaiians,whogavetheplaceitsname,whichmeans“HouseoftheSun.”

Now,afterbeingunderconstructionforabouttenyears,theDKISTissunbathinginthisstoreyedspot.Whenthetelescope’sfirstvideosandphotoswereposted,theyblewuponsocialmedialikeasuperstar,buttheNSFhasmuchbiggergoalsthangoingviral.Theastronomerswanttostudythesurfaceofthesuntobetterpredictsolarweather.

Whyonearthwouldpeoplewantaweatherforecastforaplacethat’smorethan145millionkilometersaway?

Becauseeventsonthesurfaceofthesuncanendupaffectingusrighthereathome.SolarweathercandisablesatellitesystemsandGPStrackingsystemsandevencauseblackouts,inwhichlargeareastemporarilyloseelectricity.In2017,solarflares（耀斑）disabledradiocommunicationsasthreehurricaneswerebearingdownontheCaribbean.Asyoucanimagine,thatwasahugeblowtoemergencyresponseefforts.

BystudyingtheimagestheDKISTcaptures,scientistshopetolearnhowtopredictsolarweathereventsintimeforpeopletotakeprecautionsandpreventdisasters.Inthemeantime,wecanallenjoygettinganeye-openingnewviewofthesun!

63.Theunderlinedword“perch”inparagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A.tobeonsomethinghighB.totakephotosorvideos

C.totearsomethingapartD.tobeusedtohelpunderstand

64.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ThesunlookslikeabigsugarcookieintheDKIST’simage.

B.TheNSFisresponsibleforastronomyeducationinHawaii.

C.Highairturbulenceisoneoftheconditionsofthesolarresearch.

D.ThenativeHawaiianshavealonghistoryofappreciatingthesun.

65.Inparagraph5,thecaseintheCaribbeanismentionedto.

A.explainwhywehavetogetbestphotosofthesun

B.suggesthownaturaldisastersarecausedbythesun

C.showhowsolarweatherharmscommunicationsontheearth

D.illustratewhyweatherforecastissoimportantfordisasterprevention

66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ANewViewoftheSunB.AnAmazingNewTelescope

C.WeatherForecastfortheSunD.TheBestLocationforSunResearch

【答案】63-66ADCA

【难度】中等

3、2020徐汇二模

（C）

Therehas,inrecentyears,beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment.Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesign,strivestoconvinceothersofitsefficacy（功效）andwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,suchasthosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,onhowtousethisknowledgeonapracticallevel.

Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof“green”constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,abletolistenoughreasonswhybuildingsshouldbedesignedinasustainableway,nottomentionplentyofarchitecturalfirmswithexperienceingreendesign,thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing.Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,orofsecondaryimportance,thenmorethanlikely,itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign.

Thecommissioning（委任）processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,intermsofdesign,costsandrisk.Atthepredesignstage,theowner’sobjectivesandexpectationsarediscussedanddocumented.Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas.Ownerswhoskipthecommissioningprocess,orfailtotake“green”issuesintoaccountwhendoingso,oftencomeacropperoncetheirbuildingisupandrunning.Materialsandequipmentareinstalledasplanned,and,atfirstglance,appeartofulfiltheirpurposeadequately.However,intime,theownerrealizesthatoperationalandmaintenancecostsarehigherthannecessary,andthattheoccupantsaredissatisfiedwiththeresults.Thesefactorsinturnleadtohigherownershipcostsaswellasincreasedenvironmentalimpact.

Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.However,firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthattheclientalreadyhasanideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe.Indeed,thisinitialinteractionbetweenownerandfirmistheidealtimeforadesignertooutlineandpromotethewaysthatgreendesigncanmeettheclient’sobjectives,thusturningaprojectoriginallynotdestinedforgreendesignintoapotentialcandidate.

Typically,whenconsideringwhetherornottoadoptagreenapproach,anownerwillaskaboutadditionalcostsorreturnforinvestment.Inatypicalproject,landscapearchitects,mechanicalandelectricalengineersdonotbecomeinvolveduntilamuchlaterstage.However,ingreendesign,theymustbeinvolved