英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案.docx
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英语词汇学实用教程陈新仁课后答案
Awordofwarning:
Notallthekeysprovidedherearecorrect.Useyourbrains
Unit1pp.9-16
P.9CheckYourUnderstanding:
a-d:
Fe.T
In-ClassActivities1…f.Wordhasitthey’redivorcing.
a.Somethinghewouldtalkabout
b.thingsthataresaid,contrastedwiththingsthataredone
c.thepromiseonehasmade
d.spokencommandorsignal
e.information
f.pieceofnews;message
P102.
(1)fivecriteria:
Potentialpause:
Thepause,whichhappenswhenyousayasentence,willtendtofallbetweenwords,andnotwithinwords.
Indivisibility:
Theextraitemswillbeaddedbetweenthewordsandnotwithinthem.
Minimalfreeforms:
thesmallestunitsofspeechthatcanmeaningfullystandontheirown.
Phoneticboundaries:
Itissometimespossibletotellfromthesoundofawordwhereitbeginsorends.
Semanticunits:
eachwordinasentencehasaclearmeaning.
(2)Doyouthinkthesecriteriaarequestionableinanyway?
Cantheybeappliedtotheidentificationofzi,theroughChineseequivalentoftheEnglish“word”?
No,astheaboveanalysisexplained.No,theycannot.Forexample,流连and蹒跚aredanchuci(单纯词)whichcannotbeanalyzedindependently.
P113.
(1)
SupposewewanttoknowwhatarethetenmostfrequentlyusedEnglishwords.Whatarethey,asfarasyoucantell?
HowaboutChinese?
The,of,to,and,a,in,is,it,you,that
的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着
3.
(2)
Theyarebasicallyfunctionalwords.
possessivewords(of,的)
numberwords(a,一)
copulawords(is,是)
conjunctions(and,和)and
localizers(in,在);
Englishhasthedefinitearticletheandseveralpronouns,you,thatanditwhichareabsentinChinese.
4.wordsarearbitrary(i.e.notmotivated)
onomatopoeicwords“sl-”ishighlysuggestiveofthemeaningofthewordsthatcontainit,suchas“slide”,“slip”,and“slush”.
(1)Babble,bang,grunt,splash;噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱
No,thesewordsareonlyasmallpartofEnglishorChinesevocabulary
(2)Footballandhandballconcernthebodypartwhichkick/passtheballfromoneplacetoanother,andbasketballisnamedafterabasketintowhichtheballisput.
(3)Peoplehavebodilyembeddedknowledgetoinferthesemotivationsofsuchusage.Thefirstexampleconcernsthemetaphorandsecondmetonymy.
(4)Somefigurativeusagesarealsohighlymotivated.Forexample:
Necessityisthemotherofinvention.
5.BritishEnglish(BEforshort)andAmericanEnglish(AEforshort)
P13
(1)half,advance,advantage,after,answer,ask,glance,glass,grasp
(2)grammaticaldifferences:
InAmericanEnglishwesay“graduatefromschool”;whileinBritishEnglish,wesay“leaveschool”.InAmericanEnglish,ithas“putupprice”,whileinBritishEnglish,itis“raiseprice”
(3)distinctivespellings:
ForChinesecharacters“博览会”,BritishEnglishhas“fair”whileAmericanEnglishuserstradeshow.“Liftandelevator”,and“autumnandfall”aremoreexamples.
(4)samewordswithdifferentmeanings:
onebillion/firstfloor/pants
onebillion
(Brit)thenumber1000000000000万亿之数
(US)thenumber1000000000十亿之数
firstfloor
InBritishEnglishthefloorofabuildingatstreetlevelisthegroundfloorandthefloorabovethatisthefirstfloor.
InUSEnglishthestreet-levelflooristhefirstfloorandtheoneaboveisthesecondfloor
pants
(Brit)men'sunderpants;women'sorchildren'sknickers
(US)trousers
6.BarackObama’schoiceofwords
(1)Empathymeansidentificationwithandunderstandingofanother'ssituation,feelings.
Theabilitytostandinsomebodyelse’sshoes
Sympathyisdefinedasfeelingofpityandsorrow(forsb.)
(2)Hope,accordingtoObama,isthatsomethingbetteriswaitingforusifwe’rewillingtoworkforitandfightforit,ifwearewillingtobelieve.Hedifferentiateshopefromwhatisblindoptimismorwillfulignoranceoftheproblemsweface
(3)“Asfathersandparents”,whynotasfathersandmothers:
Opentodiscussion
Post-ClassTasks
1.functionalwords
Likeallwhohaveheldthisofficebeforeme,Ihaveexperiencedsetbacks. TherearethingsIwoulddodifferentlyifgiventhechance. YetIhavealwaysactedwiththebestinterestsofourcountryinmind. IhavefollowedmyconscienceanddonewhatIthoughtwasright. YoumaynotagreewithsometoughdecisionsIhavemade. ButIhopeyoucanagreethatIwaswillingtomakethetoughdecisions.
2.Forexample,welearnthat“word”canbeusedtoreferto“rumor”,andweknowitmeans“rumor”inthesentence“Thewordisthathe'sleftthecountry.(据说他已经离开这个国家了).”Butactually,wewillnotwritethesentence,esp.,saythesentenceindailyconversations.Bythisexample,weshowthatreceptivelexicalknowledgeconcernswhatyoulearnedandproductivelexicalknowledgeconcernswhatyouwouldputintopractice.Readingvocabularymaybethelargesttypeofvocabulary,becauseyoumayrecognizethemeaningofawordwithoutusingitindailyexchangesorinacademicwriting.
3.No,lexicalcompetencecoversalargerscopethatthatofproductivelexicalknowledge.
4.underlinewordequivalents
Soletussummonanewspiritofpatriotism,ofresponsibility,whereeachofusresolvestopitchinandworkharderandlookafternotonlyourselvesbuteachother.
Letusrememberthat,ifthisfinancialcrisistaughtusanything,it'sthatwecannothaveathrivingWallStreetwhileMainStreetsuffers.
Inthiscountry,weriseorfallasonenation,asonepeople.Let'sresistthetemptationtofallbackonthesamepartisanshipandpettinessandimmaturitythathaspoisonedourpoliticsforsolong.
Let'srememberthatitwasamanfromthisstatewhofirstcarriedthebanneroftheRepublicanPartytotheWhiteHouse,apartyfoundedonthevaluesofself-relianceandindividuallibertyandnationalunity.
Thosearevaluesthatweallshare.AndwhiletheDemocraticPartyhaswonagreatvictorytonight,wedosowithameasureofhumilityanddeterminationtohealthedividesthathaveheldbackourprogress.
Languageiscomposedofnotjustindividualwords,butalsowordequivalents,suchaswordgroups(orcompoundwords),chunkssuchasidioms,formulaicsequences,andso.Thelatterisattractingmoreandmorescholarlyattentionthesedays.Thus,lexicologyismorepreciselydefinedasthescientificstudyofthewordsandwordequivalentsinalanguage.
Unit2pp.24-29
CheckYourUnderstanding:
a-e.F
In-ClassActivities1.
(1)Sispronouncedas[s][zand[iz]]whenitisrespectivelyattachedtoavoicelessconsonant,avoicedconsonantoravowel,andanywordsendingwiths,zorpronouncingas[s]or[z].
(2)Yes,forexample,thepluralformofsheepremainsunchanged,andmanhasitspluralformrealizedas“men”.
(3)Theusualallomorphsofthemorphemeofthepasttensemayberealizedas[t],[d]and[id]
2.prefixesofnegation:
a-,un-,in-(ir-,il-),dis-,mis-,non-,de-
symmetry→asymmetry
typical→atypical
forgettable→unforgettable
tie→untie
articulate→inarticulate,
discreet→indiscreet
mature→immature,
partial→impartial
legal→illegal
legible→illegible
relevant→irrelevant
reverent→irreverent
like→dislike
able→disable
use→misuse
lead→mislead
sense→nonsense
commercial→noncommercial
form→deform
construction→deconstruction
(2)Un-isusuallyprefixedbeforetransitiveverbs,suchastie→untie,nouns,suchasandadjectives,suchasemployment→unemployment.Non-isoftenputbeforeadjectives,suchasessential→non-essential,andnouns,suchasexistence→non-existence.Bothoftheusagearepossiblebecausethewordfollowedtheabovetwoprefixeshasnoready-madeacronymsinEnglishlexicalsystem.
3.
(1)No.unwomanisnotawordinEnglish.Un-isusuallyputbeforeanabstractuncountablenoun.
(2)morphologicalstructure:
inaccessibility
inaccessible-ity
in-accessible
access-ible
(3)Thesewordsmayconnatesexinequalityatfirstsight.But,Infact,wegotoofarifweholdthisnotioninmind.
4.
(1)Stop,bin,wear,suit
(2)completeconversions
5.
(1)TueàTuesday,SunàSunday,PMàpostmeridiem
(2)1月JanuaryJan2月FebruaryFeb3月MarchMar.4月AprilApr.5月MayMay6月JuneJun.7月JulyJul.8月AugustAug.9月SeptemberSept.10月OctoberOct.11月NovemberNov.12月DecemberDec.
6.
(1)Marathon--telethon/talkathon,hamburger--shrimpburger-
(2)无微不至-无胃不治;其乐无穷-棋乐无穷
7.
(1)
a.fluvirus:
AcausedB
b.safetyline:
BensuresA
c.nightbird:
AistheusualtimewhenBisactive
d.spoon-feeding:
AisoneofthewaystorealizeB.
e.potatopancake:
AistheingredientofB
f.man-made:
BisrealizebyA
gtoiletseat:
BispartA.
(2)“safetyline”vs.“safeline”:
NO,theformermeansthatlinecankeeponesafe,whereasthelattermeansthelineissafe.
(Youcantouchit)
Securityguardandsecureguard
Post-ClassTasks
1.SupplythebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.
a.D;b.B;c.A;d.C;e.A;f.D
2.a.intangibilityb.unevenly
in/tangible/ityun/even/ly
c.friendlinessd.notwithstanding
friend/ly/nessnot/with/stand/ing
e.overseasf.minimalist
over/sea/sminim/al/ist
g.immigrationh.Psychologist
im/migrate/ionpsych/ology/ist
i.occurrencesj.assumption
oc/cur/renceas/sumpt/ion
3.Safe:
conversion
Check-out:
Composition
Dead:
conversion
Valuable:
conversion
4.Adjectiveslike“poor”,“rich”,“fat”,“sick”,“wounded”,“deaf”,“mute”,“Chinese”,“Danish”,“best”,“most”,“least”,“latest”,“accused”,“condemned”,(for)“good”,“thick”(and)“thin”,etc.undergopartialconversion;
stop,pause,halt,look,rest,check,try,taste,smell,etc,oftenundergocompleteconversion.
5.prince/princeling,under/underling,world/worlding,child/childish,self/selfish,fool/foolish
6.Acronyms:
NATO=NorthAtlanticTreaty