英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案.docx

1、英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案A word of warning: Not all the keys provided here are correct. Use your brainsUnit 1 pp. 9-16P.9 Check Your Understanding: a-d: F e. TIn-Class Activities 1 f. Word has it theyre divorcing. a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are done

2、 c. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. information f. piece of news; messageP10 2. (1) five criteria: Potential pause: The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fall between words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the

3、 words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own.Phonetic boundaries: It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning. (2) Do you think th

4、ese criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to the identification of zi, the rough Chinese equivalent of the English “word”? No, as the above analysis explained. No, they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚 are danchuci (单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently. P11 3. (1) Suppose we

5、want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese? The, of, to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that 的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着3. (2) They are basically functional words. possessive words (of, 的) number words (a,一)copula words (is, 是)conjunc

6、tions (and, 和) and localizers (in, 在); English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you, that and it which are absent in Chinese. 4.words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated) onomatopoeic words “sl-” is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as “slide”, “slip

7、”, and “slush”. (1) Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary (2) Football and handball concern the body part which kick/pass the ball from one place to another, and basketball is named after a basket into which the ball is put.(

8、3) People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns the metaphor and second metonymy.(4) Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention. 5.British English (BE for short) and American Englis

9、h (AE for short) P13 (1) half, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) grammatical differences: In American English we say “graduate from school”; while in British English, we say “leave school”. In American English, it has “put up price”, while in British English, it is “rai

10、se price”(3) distinctive spellings:For Chinese characters “博览会”, British English has “fair” while American English users trade show. “Lift and elevator” , and “autumn and fall” are more examples. (4) same words with different meanings: one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 1000

11、000000000 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000十亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorpants(Brit) mens underpants;

12、womens or childrens knickers(US) trousers6. Barack Obamas choice of words(1) Empathy means identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody elses shoesSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Hope, according to Obama, is tha

13、t something better is waiting for us if were willing to work for it and fight for it, if we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) “As fathers and parents”, why not as fathers and mothers: Open to discussionPost-Clas

14、s Tasks1. functional words Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks.There are things I would do differently if given the chance.Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind.I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right.You

15、may not agree with some tough decisions I have made.But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.2. For example, we learn that “word” can be used to refer to “rumor”, and we know it means “rumor” in the sentence “The word is that hes left the country. (据说他已经离开这个国家了).” But

16、actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocab

17、ulary, because you may recognize the meaning of a word without using it in daily exchanges or in academic writing. 3. No, lexical competence covers a larger scope that that of productive lexical knowledge.4. underline word equivalents So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, w

18、here each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, its that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one peo

19、ple. Lets resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.Lets remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self

20、-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share. And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress.Language is composed of not just individu

21、al words, but also word equivalents, such as word groups (or compound words), chunks such as idioms, formulaic sequences, and so. The latter is attracting more and more scholarly attention these days. Thus, lexicology is more precisely defined as the scientific study of the words and word equivalent

22、s in a language.Unit 2 pp. 24 -29Check Your Understanding: a-e. F In-Class Activities 1.(1) S is pronounced as s z and iz when it is respectively attached to a voiceless consonant, a voiced consonant or a vowel, and any words ending with s, z or pronouncing as s or z.(2) Yes, for example, the plural

23、 form of sheep remains unchanged, and man has its plural form realized as “men”. (3) The usual allomorphs of the morpheme of the past tense may be realized as t, d and id2. prefixes of negation: a-, un-, in- (ir-, il-), dis-, mis-, non-, de-symmetryasymmetrytypicalatypical forgettable unforgettablet

24、ieuntiearticulate inarticulate, discreet indiscreetmature immature, partial impartiallegal illegallegible illegiblerelevant irrelevantreverent irreverentlikedislikeabledisableuse misuselead misleadsense nonsense commercialnoncommercialformdeformconstructiondeconstruction(2) Un- is usually prefixed b

25、efore transitive verbs, such as tie untie, nouns, such as and adjectives, such as employmentunemployment. Non- is often put before adjectives, such as essentialnon-essential, and nouns, such as existencenon-existence. Both of the usage are possible because the word followed the above two prefixes ha

26、s no ready-made acronyms in English lexical system.3.(1) No. unwoman is not a word in English. Un- is usually put before an abstract uncountable noun. (2) morphological structure:inaccessibility inaccessible -ity in- accessible access -ible(3) These words may connate sex inequality at first sight. B

27、ut, In fact, we go too far if we hold this notion in mind. 4. (1) Stop, bin, wear, suit (2) complete conversions 5. (1) Tue Tuesday, Sun Sunday, PM post meridiem (2) 1月 January Jan 2月 February Feb 3月 March Mar. 4月 April Apr. 5月 May May 6月 June Jun. 7月 July Jul. 8月 August Aug. 9月 September Sept. 10月

28、October Oct. 11月 November Nov. 12月 December Dec.6.(1) Marathon-telethon/ talkathon, hamburger-shrimpburger- (2) 无微不至无胃不治； 其乐无穷棋乐无穷7. (1) a. flu virus: A caused Bb. safety line: B ensures Ac. night bird: A is the usual time when B is actived. spoon-feeding: A is one of the ways to realize B.e. potato

29、 pancake: A is the ingredient of Bf. man-made: B is realize by A g toilet seat: B is part A.(2) “safety line” vs. “safe line”: NO, the former means that line can keep one safe, whereas the latter means the line is safe. (You can touch it)Security guard and secure guardPost-Class Tasks1. Supply the b

30、est answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.a.D; b.B; c. A; d. C; e. A; f. D2. a. intangibility b. unevenly in/tangible/ity un/even/lyc. friendliness d. notwithstanding friend/ly/ness not/with/stand/inge. overseas f. minimalist over/sea/s minim/al/istg. immigration h. Psychologistim/migra

31、te/ion psych/ology/isti. occurrences j. assumption oc/cur/rence as/sumpt/ion3. Safe: conversion Check-out: Composition Dead: conversionValuable: conversion4. Adjectives like “poor”, “rich”, “fat”, “sick”, “wounded”, “deaf”, “mute”, “Chinese”, “Danish”, “best”, “most”, “least”, “latest”, “accused”, “

32、condemned”, (for) “good”, “thick” (and) “thin”, etc. undergo partial conversion; stop, pause, halt, look, rest, check, try, taste, smell, etc, often undergo complete conversion. 5. prince/princeling, under/underling, world/worlding, child/childish, self/selfish, fool/foolish6. Acronyms: NATO = North Atlantic Treaty