英语四级.docx

英语四级.docx

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英语四级

强荐：

2010年12月英语四级最新模拟冲刺试卷

PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　1.人们每天都生活在压力之下

　　2.所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的

　　3.我的观点和原因

TheImportanceofKeepingAGoodMood

　　Intoday'sincreasinglycompetitiveworlditisessentialtomaintainapositiveattitudetowardslife.Toputitinametaphor,keepingagoodmoodisafoundationuponwhichourlifeisbuilt.

　　Keepingagoodmoodisimportantbecauseitcanhelpussolvevariousproblemsinlife.Thefollowingtwosituationscanenableustoclearlyseehowapositiveattitudehelpsuscopewithunpleasantthings.TakeEnglishlearningforexample.InourefforttograspEnglish,mistakesareunavoidable.Fromoneperspectivemistakesareannoying,butapositiveattitudecanmakeusrealizethatonlythroughmakingmistakescanalearnerbeexpectedtomakeprogress.Sometimesonemaycomedownwithaseriouscold,feelingdepressed.Butachangeinattitudewillenableustolookatthematterfromapositiveperspective.Theillnessmayteachustheimportanceofhealth.

　　Aswecansee,keepingagoodmoodcanhelpustodealwithmistakesintherightwayandfindcomfortintimeofsorrow.Itsimportancecannotbedenied.

　　PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　GulfWrackedByKatrina'sLatestLegacy-Disease,Poisons,Mold

　　AmonthafterHurricaneKatrinatorethroughtheU.S.GulfCoast,medicalexpertsarenowstrugglingwiththelatestcrisisintheregion;contamination（污染）.

　　KatrinaleftNewOrleansandothercommunitiestaintedwithoil,sewage,andpossiblypoisonsleachedfromfederaltoxicwastesites,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）says.

　　Thepollution,combinedwiththelackofregularmedicalservicesintheregion,hasraisedseriousquestionsaboutthesafetyofNewOrleansandothercoastaltownsaspeoplelongingforhomebegintogoback.

　　"Idon'tthinkNewOrleansissafeforpeopletoreturnto,fromapublichealthandenvironmentalhealthstandpoint,"saidMiriamAschkenasy,anenvironmentalhealthexpertworkingwithOxfamAmericaintheregion.

　　Muchofthecontaminationrestsinthebrown,filmysediment（沉淀物）leftbehindbyKatrina'spollutedfloodwaters.

　　RecentEPAtestsofthesedimentconfirmedhighlevelsofE.colibacteria,oilandgaschemicals,andlead,aswellasvaryingquantitiesofarsenic.

　　Thehealthrisksposedbythesedimentareimmediate,expertssay,becausethesludge（淤泥）isnearlyimpossibleforreturningresidentstoavoid.InNewOrleans,itcoverseverysurfacethatwasflooded,fromcarsandnow-deadlawnstotheentirecontentsoffloodedhomes,stores,hospitals,andschools.

　　"Whenpeoplecomeback,theyareexposedtothesediment,"saidWilmaSubra,achemistfromNewIberia,Louisiana,whoisanalyzingthesediment."It'sintheiryardsandhouses."

　　OldPollutionResurfacing

　　PlaqueminesParish,aruralcountyonthepeninsulasouthofNewOrleans,isnowcoveredwithevenmoretoxicsedimentthanitwastwoweeksago,thankstoHurricaneRita.

　　"Sixinchesuptoonefoot（15to30centimeters）ofsludge,"Subrareported.

　　MuchofthesludgeinPlaqueminesistheproductofnearbybayousandbaybottoms,wheresedimentwasliftedupbyKatrina'sandRita'sstormsurges.

　　Thesedimenthasbeenpollutedovertheyearswithindustrialchemicalsandheavymetals,saidSubra,whotestedthesedimentfortheSouthernMutualHelpAssociation,anonprofitorganizationinNewIberia,Louisiana.

　　"Thesewaterbodieshavereceivedindustrialwastesfordecades,"shesaid."Thismaterialhastoxicchemicals,metals,andorganicpetrochemicals（石化产品）."

　　MattershaveonlybeenmadeworsebymultipleoilspillscausedbyKatrinaandRita.AccordingtotheU.S.CoastGuard,11oilspillshaveoccurredinsouthernLouisiana,totaling7.4milliongallons（28millionliters）ofoil,mostofwhichhasbeencontained.

　　BacterialevelsarealsoespeciallyhighinthePlaqueminessludge,saidRodneyMallett,spokespersonfortheLouisianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality.

　　"Thesewagetreatmentplantswereunderwater,"heexplained."Betweentheanimalwasteandthehumanwaste,you'vegotalotofbacteria."

　　ProtectionKits

　　Healthandenvironmentalagenciesareadvisingpeopletoavoidcontactwiththesludge.Theyrecommendthatpeopleweargloves,goggles,anddustmasks,andthattheywashpromptlyifexposureoccurs.

　　EPAofficialsaredirectingpeopletoitsWebsite（www.epa.gov）toinformthemselvesofthecontaminationrisks.

　　Butmostpeoplereturningtotheareadon'thavecomputerstogetthatinformation,saidErikOlson,anattorneyfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,anenvironmentaladvocacygroup.

　　"Ifyou[do]readtheWebsite,"headded,"youpracticallyhavetohaveadegreeinchemistrytounderstandit."

　　Tobetterinformpeopleofhealthrisks,theSouthernMutualHelpAssociationandOxfamAmericaaredevelopingaprogramtogiveeveryreturningresidentaprotectivekit.

　　Eachkitwouldcontainwaterproofsuits,goggles（风镜）,shoecovers,andmasks,alongwithinformationaboutpotentialhazards,Volunteerswouldgiveoutthekitsatthesecuritycheckpointsthatnowstandatthemajorentrancestoaffectedcities.

　　Thegroupshavemadeahundreddemonstrationkits,whichcostabout$100（U.S.）eachtoproduce,andhaveshownthemtostateleadersinLouisiana.

　　"Thegovernorisreallyinfavorofthis,"Subrasaid."Wejusthavetodeterminehowwe'regoingtofundthem."

　　ToxicMoldBlooms

　　Inadditiontothetoxicsediment,sprawlingbloomsofmoldhavenowtakenholdinmanyfloodedhomes."Themoldisgrowingeverywhere-homesarejustcoatedwithit,"Subrasaid.

　　TheproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatfederalhealthofficialswarnedWednesdayofallergicreactionsandtoxicresponsestothemold.Professionalsshouldbehiredtocleanmoldthatcoversmorethantensquarefeet（onesquaremeter）,theyurged.

　　"Those[surfaces]thatcan'tbecleanedneedtoberemoved,"saidStevenRedd,chiefoftheAirPollutionandRespiratoryHealthBranchoftheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）.

　　TheeffectsofthemoldarealreadysurfacinginMississippi,whererespiratory（呼吸的）problemsareamongtheillnessesdoctorstherearereporting.

　　"We'reseeingalotofasthmafrominhalingthemold,"saidRichardPaat,teamleaderofatemporaryEastBiloxiclinic."Andmouthsoresfromthebadwater."

　　Duetocontactwithuncleanwater,33peopleinthefloodzonehavecontractedVibrioinfections,accordingtotheCDC.Theinfectionsarecausedbyafamilyofbacteriathatliveincontaminatedsaltwater.Theycancauseseriousillness,especiallyinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.

　　Todate,sixpeoplehavediedfromVibrioinfections.

　　"Peoplehadopenwoundandwalkedthroughfloodwaterwithsewageinit,"CDCspokespersonVonRoebucksaid."AndthesefolkswerehavingthesewoundsinfectedwithVibrio."

　　DisasterResponseCare

　　"Thisisahighlycontaminatedarea,"saidSusanBriggs,thephysicianoverseeingFEMA'sdisaster-responsemedicalteamsinLouisianaandAlabama.

　　HerteamshavebeeninoculatingresidentsfortetanusandHepatitisAandB.Hepatitisisadangerwhenpeopleareexposedtosewage,throughwaterorfood,Briggsexplained.Tetanuscanoccurwhenpeoplecutthemselvesonuncleanmaterials,asmayhappenwhencleaningdebris.

　　Therudimentary（根本的）livingconditionsinmanyKatrina-struckareasmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewillgetsickandinjured,Briggssaid.

　　"Theyhavenoelectricity,nocleanwater,noairconditioning,"shesaid."Therearecollapsedstructuresandstrayanimals.Therearehugeamountsofstraydogs,andpeoplehavebeenbitten."

　　Briggsandotherdoctorsintheareahavebeentreatingmanycasesofdiarrhea,rashes,andupper-respiratoryillnesses.

　　Alloftheseconditionsaretobeexpectedafternaturaldisasters,accordingtotheCDC.Butit'stoosoontoknowiftheseailmentsarerelatedtocontamination,theCDC'sRoebucksaid.

　　"We'relookingatthatquestion,"hesaid."We'dliketoknowtheanswer."

　　1.ThepassagegivesadescriptionofthecontaminationinNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrina.

　　2.KatrinaleftNewOrleansandothercommunitiestaintedwithoilandsewage.

　　3.PlaqueminesParishisnowcoveredwithevenmoretoxicsedimentthatitwastwoweeksago.

　　4.Peoplearebeingadvisedtoavoidcontactwiththesludgebyhealthandenvironmentalagencies.

　　5.TheSouthernMutualHelpAssociationandOxfamAmericaaredevelopingaprogramtoselleveryreturningresidentaprotectivekit.

　　6.TheconditionsinNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrinaisspecial.

　　7.Inadditiontothetoxicsediment,sprawlingbloomsofmoldhavenowtakenholdinmanyfloodedhomes,anditisgrowingeverywhere.

　　8.Todate,sixpeoplehavediedfrom?

________.

　　9.TherudimentarylivingconditionsinmanyKatrina-struckareasmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewillget________.

　　10.Alloftheseconditionsaretobeexpectedafter________.

PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readth