英语四级.docx

1、英语四级强荐：2010年12月英语四级最新模拟冲刺试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3. 我的观点和原因The Importance of Keeping A Good MoodIn todays increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation

2、upon which our life is built.Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp Engli

3、sh, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through making mistakes can a learner be expected to make progress. Sometimes one may come down with a serious cold, feeling depressed. But a change in attitude will enable

4、 us to look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.As we can see, keeping a good mood can help us to deal with mistakes in the right way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming a

5、nd Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the infor

6、mation given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Gulf Wracked By Katrinas Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, MoldA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf C

7、oast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染).Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says.The pollution, co

8、mbined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.I dont think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health sta

9、ndpoint, said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrinas polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and

10、gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to

11、 the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment, said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. Its in their yards and houses.Old Pollution ResurfacingPlaquemines Parish, a rural cou

12、nty on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita.Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge, Subra reported.Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, wh

13、ere sediment was lifted up by Katrinas and Ritas storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.These water bodies h

14、ave received industrial wastes for decades, she said. This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品).Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana,

15、 totaling 7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.The sewage treatment plants were underwater, he expla

16、ined. Between the animal waste and the human waste, youve got a lot of bacteria.Protection KitsHealth and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.EPA o

17、fficials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks.But most people returning to the area dont have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group.If yo

18、u do read the Web site, he added, you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.Each kit would contain wate

19、rproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards, Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) e

20、ach to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.The governor is really in favor of this, Subra said. We just have to determine how were going to fund them.Toxic Mold BloomsIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. The mol

21、d is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it, Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square m

22、eter), they urged.Those surfaces that cant be cleaned need to be removed, said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory(呼吸的) probl

23、ems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.Were seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold, said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. And mouth sores from the bad water.Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infec

24、tions, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems.To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.People had open wound and walked through floo

25、dwater with sewage in it, CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio.Disaster Response CareThis is a highly contaminated area, said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMAs disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.Her teams ha

26、ve been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris.The rudimentary(根本的) living conditi

27、ons in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said.They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning, she said. There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.Briggs

28、and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But its too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDCs Roebuck said.We

29、re looking at that question, he said. Wed like to know the answer.1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.3. Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sed

30、iment that it was two weeks ago.4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies.5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.6. The conditions in New Orleans afte

31、r Hurricane Katrina is special.7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.8. To date, six people have died from?_.9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that peo

32、ple will get_.10. All of these conditions are to be expected after_.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read th