商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.docx

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.docx

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商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

1.globalcompany:

跨国公司

--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities

--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（维基百科）

2.jointventure:

合资企业

--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.

--abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯词典）

3.merger&acquisition:

并购

--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.

--transactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.

4.distributionchannel:

分销渠道；销售渠道

--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.

5.listedcompany:

上市公司

--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.

--Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets场外交易市场.（维基百科）

6.Industrialcomplex:

工业生产基地

--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.

7.brandrecognition:

品牌认知（度）；品牌识别

--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.

8.specialtyshop:

专卖店

--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.

9.householdname家喻户晓的名字

--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.

10.loss-maker:

亏损企业

--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.

11.homecountry:

祖国，母国

--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.

12.quota:

配额，定额，限额

--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.

13.marketeconomy:

市场经济

--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.

14.neweconomy:

新经济

--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.

--aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文词典）

15.laborforce:

劳动力

--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.

16.bubbleeconomy:

--aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暂的operation.

17.venturecapital:

风险资本

--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.

--Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯词典）

18.bizcycle:

商业周期

--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁荣,recession衰退,depression萧条,recovery复苏.

19.stockmarket:

股票交易；证券市场，股票市场

--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.

--thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.

--aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文词典）

20.productlifecycle:

产品生命周期

--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成长期,maturity饱和期anddecline衰退期.

21.Seedmoney=seedcapital启动资金

--theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.

--themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文词典）

22.liquidity流动资产

--availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.

--Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.资产折现力

23.exchangerate汇率

--theamountofonecurrencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.

--thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。

24.multinationalcompany跨国公司

--averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.

25.moneymarket货币市场，金融市场

--theinstitutionsandpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.

--Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯词典）

--allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,forprofit.（朗文词典）

26.collateral担保物，抵押品

--propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurity抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产

--propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文词典）

27.Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道琼斯工业平均指数

--anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkStockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.

28.Bluechip蓝筹股，优质股票

--astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.

29.Nasdaq:

纳斯达克

--nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会

--TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthesecond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchange纽约证券交易所locatedinthesamecity.（维基百科）

30.（insurance）policy保险单

--theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany

31.publicrelations公共关系，公关

--PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.

32.depression:

萧条，不景气

--aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33.Tradedeficit贸易赤字

--importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.

34.Speculation投机

--engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofit

35.Valueaddedtax增值税

--anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental增值的increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

36.Fairtrade公平贸易

--tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreement

37.Subsidy补贴

--apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.

--financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.

38.Rebate减税，折扣

--adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanamountgiveninpayment.

39.taxexemption免税

--thefreedomforhavingtopaytax

40.FDI外国直接投资

--thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise.Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.

41.freetrade自由贸易

--tradebetweennationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.

42.tariff关税

--dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.

43.globalization全球化

--theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.

44.anti-dumpingduty反倾销税

--tariffleviedondumpedimports.

45.tradebarrier贸易壁垒

--anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.

46.importsubstitution进口替代

--astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.

47.arbitration仲裁

--theprocessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutoryprovision（指定条款）

48.balancesheet资产负债表,缩写B.S.

--afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。

49.return收益

--aprofitoryield,asfromlabororinvestment.

50.cashflow现金流

--Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.

现金流出量：

在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值

51.labor-intensive劳动密集型

--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapital

52.netearnings净收益，净盈利

--thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.

53.productivity生产力

--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.

54.marketshare市场份额

--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.

55.workforce劳动力,工人总数:

thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.

56.incomedisparity:

inequalityinincomedistribution.

57.equity资产，股本:

commonstock普通股andpreferredstock优先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization

58.outsource外协生产:

tofarmout包出（work,forexample）toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.外界供应：

为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者

59.leadtime订货至交货的时间

--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.

60.acquisition收购

--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.

61.initialpublicoffering（IPO）首次公开发行

--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic

62.merger合并

--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.

63.liquiditysqueeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张

--financialpressurecaused