英语演讲教程.docx

英语演讲教程.docx

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英语演讲教程

英语演讲教程

PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglish

Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormore

peoplethatpresentsideasorinformationinaclear,

structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeaking

inpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,giving

apresentationisactuallyveryeasy.Thistutorial

guidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentation

inEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtothe

conclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialis

itselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.

PreparationCanyounamethe3mostimportantthings

whengivinganypresentation?

Number1is...Preparation

Number2is...Preparation!

Number3is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbe

totallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudience

willfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbe

will

thisAndyou.inconfidentbewilltheyconfident.

giveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyour

presentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe'incharge'and

youraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

ObjectiveBeforeyoustarttopreparea

presentation,youshouldaskyourself:

WhyamImaking

thispresentation?

Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,

totrainortosell?

Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearin

yourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannot

possiblybecleartoyouraudience.

AudienceWhoamImakingthispresentationto?

Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.You

shouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?

Whoare

they?

Businesspeople?

Professionalpeople?

Political

people?

Expertsornon-experts?

Willitbeasmall,

intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof

400petitors?

Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhat

willtheyexpectfromyou?

VenueWhereamImakingthispresentation?

Ina

smallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?

Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailab

ble?

Whataretheseatingarrangements?

presentation

thismakingIamlengthWhenandTime

andhowlongwillitbe?

Willitbe5minutesor1hour?

Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,

orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?

MethodHowshouldImakethispresentation?

What

approachshouldyouuse?

Formalorinformal?

Lotsof

visualaidsoronlyafew?

Willyouincludesome

anecdotesandhumourforvariety?

ContentWhatshouldIsay?

Nowyoumustdecide

exactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshould

brainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermany

ideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.

Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonly

informationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyour

objective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalso

needtocreateatitleforyourpresentation（ifyou

havenotalreadybeengivenatitle）.Thetitlewill

helpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepare

yourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.But

remember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore（alittle

isbetterthanalot）.Youcanalwaysgiveadditional

informationduringthequestionsafterthe

presentation.

StructureAwellorganisedpresentationwitha

clearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.

Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethe

pointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Most

presentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followed

byquestions:

BeginningShortintroductionweleyour

audienceintroduceyoursubjectexplainthestructureof

yourpresentationexplainrulesforquestionsMiddle

BodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitselfEnd

Shortconclusionsummariseyourpresentationthankyour

audienceinvitequestionsQuestionsandAnswers

NotesWhenyougiveyourpresentation,youshould

be-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.You

shouldnotreadyourpresentation!

Youshouldbeso

familiarwith

yoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwant

todeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Reading

atextisboring!

Readingatextwillmakeyouraudience

gotosleep!

Soifyoudon'thaveatexttoread,how

canyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?

With

notes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Some

peoplemakenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewrite

downjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Some

peoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenotes

willgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhave

preparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneed

them!

RehearsalRehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.

Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwo

orthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

youwillbeemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwantto

sayyou

will

identify

weaknesses

in

your

presentationyouwillbeabletopractisedifficult

pronunciationsyouwillbeabletocheckthetimethat

yourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessary

modificationsSoprepare,prepare,prepare!

Prepare

everything:

words,visualaids,timing,equipment.

Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.

Isittherightlength?

Areyoupletelyfamiliarwith

allyourillustrations?

Aretheyintherightorder?

Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?

Howmanypeople?

How

willyouanswerdifficultquestions?

Doyouknowthe

room?

Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?

Whenyou

haveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbea

confident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytomunicate

thesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.

Equipment

Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipment

is...YOU!

Makesureyou'reinfullworkingorder,and

checkyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyou

don't,youraudiencewill!

theoverheadprojector（OHP）

displaysoverheadtransparencies（OHTsorOHPTs）.It

hasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:

it

canbeusedindaylighttheuse

rcanfacetheaudiencetheusercanwriteordraw

directlyonthetransparencywhileinusethewhiteboard

（morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard）isauseful

deviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,

forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbe

moresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthe

whiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbeclean

tostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourownduster

justincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthe

whiteboard（delible-youcanremovetheink）or

They

ink）.theremovecannotyou-（indelibleflipchart

areusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.

Again,it'sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkers

incaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwrite

well.Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools.The

flipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou

'flip'orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipchart

tothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmaller

presentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeused

inadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslide

projectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudiofor

audio-visual（AV）presentations.Theseprojectorsare

typicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajority

take35mmslidesortransparencies（asseenhere）,but

projectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.

Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojector

oraslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscasea

foldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.

Thenotebookputerisincreasinglybeingusedto

displaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenused

inconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,which

actuallyprojectstheimagefromtheputerscreenonto

thewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamples

thatyou'handout'ordistributetoyouraudience.Note

thatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistribute

handoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewill

readthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

Delivery

'Delivery'referstothewayinwhichyouactually

deliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Delivery

isavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisat

leastasimportantascontent,especiallyina

multi-culturalcontext.

NervesMostspeakersarealittlenervousatthe

beginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouare

nervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothe

beginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressions

count.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapport

withyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeak

slowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyour

introductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwill

relaxandgainconfidence.

AudienceRapportYouneedtobuildawarmand

friendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasm

iscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudience

willbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablish

eyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Each

personshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlyto

himorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachperson

inturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswill

alsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,

disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyouto

modifyyourpresentationasappropriate.

Yourobjectiveistomunicate!

BodyLanguageWhat

youdonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudo

say.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbefore

youopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,your

glasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfrom

thesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionas

youentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbetter

tostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.

Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritating

gestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbody

isone