四级听力原文Word格式.docx

四级听力原文Word格式.docx

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Thenewruleswillintroduceasapartofanti-obesitycampaign.Thatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanandartificialtrans-fatsinrestaurantfood.Themenurollonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedpotionsizesandhavefiftymorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenuspreferablynexttotheprice.

Q3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiretodoaccordingtothenewrule?

Q4.Whatwouldhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?

NewsReport3

Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday.Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.

AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn'

tmeanpilesofdocuments.Itissomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit'

smorethanthat.It'

sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses.

ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&

Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.Procter&

Gamblehasa“CorporateInnovationFund”whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It'

spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.

Q5.Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?

Q6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?

Q7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&

Gambleoweitssuccessto?

ConversationOne

M:

So,Linzy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?

W:

Yeah,Itextmessagealot.

Idon'

tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'

minahurry.

Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon’treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'

smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'

llhavetohavealongconversation.

Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'

mnotabigtalker.

Yeah,that'

strue.Youdon'

ttalkalot.

Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?

Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'

mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?

ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'

tuseitsomuch,I'

vegotsloweractually.

Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid?

What?

Hesaidhe'

dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'

sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.

Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'

sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyou'

vejustheard.

Q8:

Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?

Q9:

Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?

Q10:

Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?

Q11:

Whatdoesthewoman'

sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?

ConversationTwo

Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?

Well,I'

dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.

Whatseemstobetheproblem?

Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'

vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'

mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.

I'

msorrytohearthat.

And,ontopofthat,I'

dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasIdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'

dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.

Butsurelythat'

sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.

Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon'

thavesuchalotofworktodo.

Soyoufeelhe'

sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?

Yes,absolutely.

HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?

vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.

Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou'

vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou'

rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon'

tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?

Hmm,I'

vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI'

llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI'

llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.

Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyou'

Q12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

Q13.Whatistheman'

schiefcomplaint?

Q14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?

Q15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?

Passages

PassageOne

Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?

Neverdisconnectingfromwork?

Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.

Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."

Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer."

saysLawrenceAlberstaine,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.

Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness."

Whenpeoplearesleep-derived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction."

saysDoctorFelice,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.

Q16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

Q17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'

sAmericans?

Q18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?

PassageTwo

Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.

Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?

ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.

Themostimportantpartoftheapplicatio