高级英语下课件Lesson4Word文件下载.docx
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preserve（保护,保持,保存）/deserve（值得）
6.adj.contingent（up）onsth.依……情况而定,视……而定的,有条件的
dependentonsth.Oursuccessiscontingentuponyourcontinuedhelp.
n.contingency偶发事件
contingencyplans/arrangements应变计划/安排
7.costofliving:
expense,expenditure
atthecostofsth.以……为代价
coverthecost
8.v.debilitate使虚弱makesb.weak
adebilitatingillness
Hugedebtsaredebilitatingoureconomy.
n.debility虚弱,衰弱
Afteroperation,shesufferedfromgeneraldebility.
9.defect
n.缺点,毛病,瑕疵fault,shortcoming
adefectofcharacter
adefectofeducationsystem
adj.defective:
imperfect,incomplete
bedefectiveinsth.
bedefectiveinone'
scharacter
Herhearingisfoundtobeslightlydefective.她的听力稍弱。
adv.defectively
10.deprivesb.ofsth.:
takesth.awayfromsb.
dispossesssb.ofsth.
Someoneisdeprivedofcivilrights
n.deprivation
（1）sufferdeprivationofone'
srightsasacitizen
（2）widespreaddeprivationcausedbyunemployment=poverty
（3）Missingtheholidayisagreatdeprivation.=loss
adj.deprived:
poor贫困的
adeprivedarea
Thepoorestandmostdeprivedareawillreceivegovernment'
shelp.
11.adj.desolate:
deserted荒芜人烟的,孤独凄凉的
adesolatearea/life
Weallfeltdesolateafterheleft.
v.使荒凉
anareadesolatedbywar（该地区由于饱受战争摧残而满目苍夷。
）
adv.desolately
n.desolation:
misery,loneliness
desolationcausedbywar战争造成的满目苍夷
12.n.dignity
beneathone'
sdignity
v.dignify使有尊严
aceremonydignifiedbythepresenceoftheambassador
因大使的光临而生辉的典礼
Iwouldn'
tdignifythistrashbycallingitanovel.
adj.dignified高贵的,有尊严的graceful,elegant
adignifiedperson/walk
13.v.diagnose诊断diagnosesth.assth.
diagnosethetumorasbenign诊断该肿瘤为良性的
diagnosispl.diagnoses诊断,诊断书
makeone'
sdiagnosis进行诊断
adoctorskilledindiagnosis诊断准确的医生
adj.diagnostic
diagnostictraining/skill
symptom症状
14.adj.discrepant:
different
n.discrepancy:
difference
discrepancybetweenAandB
Therearemanydiscrepanciesbetweenthetwoversionsoftheaffair.对这个事件的两种说法有很大出入。
15.v.eradicate:
destroypletely;
eliminate;
putanendto
Smallpoxhasalreadybeeneradicated.
Thegovernmentistakingeffectiveactionstoeradicatecrimes.
n.eradication
16.euphemism:
useofpleasant,mild,politeorindirectwordsorphrasesinplaceofmoredirectoneswithouthurtingothers'
feelings.
"
Passaway"
isaeuphemismfor"
die"
.
adj.euphemisticlanguage/terms/expressions/words
adv.euphemistically
17.adj.excruciating极度的,剧烈的intense,acute
anexcruciatingheadache
excruciatingmisery
adv.excruciatingly
18.v.exist存在,生存,生活
DoeslifeexistonMars?
Wecannotexistwithoutwaterandfood.existonsth.:
liveonordependon
Fishexistsonwater.
Heexistsonriceandwater.
IcanhardlyexistonthewagesIget.
n.existenceadj.existent=existing现存的,现有的
existentialadj.存在主义的
existentialismn.存在主义existentialist存在主义者
Heisanexistentialist.
Heholdsexistentialistviews.
19.fold（n.折痕v.折叠）——unfold（v.打开）——foldern.纸夹,文件夹
standn.架,座,台
ahatstandanumbrellastandamusicstand乐谱架
20.n.fraud欺骗,骗子deceivingsb.illegally
fraudulentadj.deceitful,dishonest
afraudulentdisplayofsympathy假惺惺的同情
n.fraudulence adv.fraudulently
21.v.fulfill履行,实现,完成
fulfillone'
spromise/duty/acommand/anobligation
满足fulfillthetermsofacontract:
satisfy/meettherequirementsofsth.满足合同条款的要求
fulfilltheconditionsofentrytoauniversity
具备某大学的入学条件
fulfilloneself:
fullydevelopone'
sabilitiesorcharacter
Hewasabletofulfillhimselfthroughmusic.音乐能使他发挥自己的才能
n.fulfillmentadj.fulfilling:
successful
achieve—achievement
accomplish—accomplishment
22.funnel:
n.漏斗,烟囱
v.movethroughafunneloranarrowspace
Thewaterfunneledthroughthegorgeandoutontotheplain.
水穿过峡谷流到平原。
funnelpetrolintoacan
23.housing（n.住房）
Schooling（n.学校教育,学费）
24.v.humiliate使感到羞耻,不光彩makesb.ashamed
Hefelthumiliatedbyherscornfulremarks.
他听到她嘲讽的话觉得丢了脸。
acountryhumiliatedbydefeat因战败而受辱的国家
adj.humiliatingahumiliatingexperience
n.humiliationsufferpublichumiliation当众受辱
25.v.impair削弱,损害weakenordamage
Loudnoisecanimpairyourhearing.
n.impairment
26.n.inflation
control/curbinflation
adj.inflationary
27.beinherentinsth.
adv.inherently
28.lifeexpectancy（预期寿命）
lifespan
29.v.lull
lullsb.intosth.
lullusintoafalsesenseofsecurity
lullsb.todosth.使安静
lullababytosleep哄孩子睡觉
30.means:
property,belongings,possessions
meanstest
bymeansof
31.mentalhospital:
asylum精神病院,政治避难所,收容所
32.adj.morbid:
perverse病态的,不正常的
amorbidimagination
n.morbidityadv.morbidly
33.n.multitude
AMultitudeofsb./sth.:
extremelylargenumberof
Alargemultitudehadassembledtohearhimpreach.=alargenumberofpeople
Vastmultitudesofbirdsvisitthislakeinspring.
themultitude群众,大众
aspeechappealingtothemultitude
34.v.penalize/se处罚（punish）,尤指比赛中的判罚
Peoplewhodrivewhentheyaredrunkshouldbeheavilypenalized.
penalizesb.fordoingsth.
n.penaltydeathpenalty
penaltyarea罚球区penaltykick罚点球
penaltyclause合同中违约罚款的规定
35.v.precede先于
Thispointhasbeendealtwithintheprecedingparagraph.
precedewithsth.=begin/startwith
Heprecededhisspeechwithavoteofthankstothecommittee.
adj.preceding
36.n.prerogative特权rightorprivilege
Amonarchhasaprerogativeofpardoningcriminals.
君主享有对罪犯的赦免权。
theroyalprerogative
37.n.progression:
development,advancement,growth
progressionfromsth.tosth.theteam'
sprogressiontothefirstdivision该队晋升为甲级队
Adolescenceistheperiodofprogressionfromchildhoodtoadulthood.过渡期
38.v.reassure使放心
reassuresb.aboutsth.
reassurethat:
removeone'
sdoubtsorfears
Thepolicereassuredheraboutherchild'
ssafety.
Aglanceinthemirrorreassuredhimthathistiewasnotcrooked（戴歪）.
n.reassuranceadj.reassuringadv.reassuringly
areassuringpatontheback.
39.adj.scanthardlyenough
payscantattentiontoone'
sadvice
withscantregardformyfeelings不大理会我的感情
40.adj.stark十足的；
赤裸裸的；
荒凉的desolate,bare
十足的,完全的complete,utter,downright
starkmadness彻底的疯狂
adv.完全地starkmadness/crazy
41.adj.sublimeadv.sublimelyn.sublimity
42.v.subsist:
exist,stayalive存活
subsistonsth.
Howdoyoumanagetosubsistonsuchalowwage?
Hesubsistedmainlyonvegetablesandfruit.
n.subsistence
subsistencelevel勉强糊口的生活水平（维持生活的最低水平）
43.beuptothestandard（合格,达到标准）/belowthestandard
44.v./n.toil:
workhard
toilaway/at/oversth.
Wetoiledawayallafternoontogetreadyforourguests.
Thestudentsaretoilingovertheirhomework（辛苦地做功课）
45.treat（治疗）thepatient
cure（治疗）thedisease
二、Text
WhatisitliketobeoldintheUnitedStates?
Whatwillourownlivesbelikewhenweareold?
Americansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarepropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehumanlifecycle.Thoughwehavebeguntoexaminethesociallytaboosubjectsofdyinganddeath,wehaveleapedoverthatlongperiodoftimeprecedingdeathknownasoldage.Intruchtruth,itiseasiertomanagetheproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.Deathisadramaticone-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by-dayandyear-by-yearconfrontationwithpowerfulexternalandinternalforces,abittersweetcomingtotermswithone'
sownpersonalityandone'
slife.
（1）n.tragedy悲剧,悲惨adj.tragic悲惨的,悲剧的
（2）oldage:
seniorcitizen老年人
（3）bepropelledinto
Propelv.推进,驱使
（4）leapover跳过
（5）confrontwithsth.面临,面对
Questions:
1.whatisitliketobeoldintheUnitedStates?
Thoseofuswhoarenotoldbarricadeourselvesfromdiscussionsofoldagebydeclaringthesubjectmorbid,boringorinpoortaste.Optimismandeuphemismareothercommondevices.Peoplewillspeakoflookingforwardtotheir"
retirementyears"
.Theelderlyaredescribedrespectfullyas"
seniorcitizens"
"
goldenagers"
ourelders"
andonehearsofoldpeoplewhoareconsideredinspirationsandexamplesofhowto"
agewell"
or"
gracefully"
.ThereisthepopularlyacceptedopinionthatSocialSecurityandpensionsprovideacompfortablecomfortableandreliableflowoffundssotheelderlyhavefewfinancialworries.Medicarehaslulledthepopulationintoreassuringitselfthattheonceterriblefinancialburdensoflate-lifeillnessesarenoweradicated.Advertisementsandtravelfoldersshowrelaxed,happy,well-dressedolderpeopleenjoyingrecreation,travelandtheirgrandchildren.Iftheyarenolongerlivingintheoldfamilyhome,theyarepicturedasdelightedresidentsofreti
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