英语专业论文5Word下载.docx

英语专业论文5Word下载.docx

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英语专业论文5@#@1Introduction@#@MarkTwain,Americanwriter,journalist,humorist,whowonaworldwideaudienceforhisstoriesofyouthfuladventuresofTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.Sensitivetothesoundoflanguage,TwainintroducedcolloquialspeechintoAmericanfiction.InGreenHillsofAfrica,ErnestHemingwaywrote:

@#@“AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarktwaincalledHuckleberryFinn..”[1]（p.22）MarkTwainhadgreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofrealismofAmericanliterature,beingfamousforhistheoriesoflocalcolorisminAmericanfictionandhiscolloquialstyle.SamuelClemens,betterknownbyhispennameofMarkTwain,wasbornonthemorningof30th,in1835.HegrewupintheMississippiRiverfrontiertownofHannibal,Missouri.Beforehisbirth,Samuel’sfatherwasalawyerbutidealistic.Sowhentheygotpoorandeventherewasnomoneyforthechildren’sstudy,Mr.Clemenswouldnotlendmoneybutsellthefamilyproperty.Soeveryonerespectedhim.Hismother,Mrs.Clemens,wasverytenderandkind,soTwainlovedmothermore.TheyoungSamuelwasverynaughty.Butitallchangedwhenhewas11.Thatyear,hisfatherdiedofillness,whichmadethepoorfamilyevenpoorer.Duetothat,theyoungSamuelwasforcedtostophisstudyandthecarefreedaywasover.Whenseeinghisbrothersandsisterswenttowork,healsowantedtodosomethingforthefamily.Afterhisfather’sdeathin1847,Twainwasapprenticedtoaprinterandwroteforhisbrother’snewspaper.TwainworkedlaterasalicensedMississippiriverboatpilot（1857-61）.@#@TheCivilWarputanendtothesteamboattrafficandClemensmovedtoVirginiaCity,whereheeditedtwoyearsTerritorialEnterprise.Thoughthebosswasstingyandwicked,Samueldidnotgiveupandworkedhardforhim.Fromtheexperience,Samuellearnedtheimportanceofhumor.MarkTwaineverworkedasaprinter,boatsailor,andjournalistandsoon.Althoughthelifewasveryharsh,heneverforgothumor.Samuel’spenname“MarkTwain”isthephraseMississippi’sboatmanusedtosignifytwofathoms（3.6meters）ofwater,thedepthneededforaboat’ssafepassage.Asawriter,Twain’sseriousattitudecombinedwithararegeniusforhumorandstylekeephiswritingfreshandappealing.In1864TwainleftforCalifornia,andworkedinSanFranciscoasareporter.HevisitedHawaiiasacorrespondentforTheSacramentoUnion,publishinglettersonhistripandgivinglectures.Hesetoutworldtour,travelinginFranceandItaly.Hisexperienceswererecordedin1869inTheInnocentsAbroad,whichgainedhimwidepopularity,andpokedfunatbothAmericanandEuropeanprejudicesandmanners.Inthe1890sTwainlostmostofhisearningsinfinancialspeculationsandinthedownhillofhisownpublishingfirm.Torecoverfromthebankrupt,hestartedaworldlecturetour,duringwhichoneofhisdaughtersdied.TwaintouredNewZealand,Australia,India,andSouthAfrica,andreturnedtotheU.S.Thedeathofhiswifeandhisseconddaughterdarkenedtheauthor’slateryears,whichisalsoseeninwritingsandhisposthumouslypublishedautobiography（1924）.@#@TwaindiedonApril21,1910.HedictatedhisautobiographyduringhislastyearstohissecretaryA.B.Paine,andvariousversionsofithavebeenpublished.In1916appearedTheMystaiousStrangersetinthe16th-centuryAustria,inwhichSatanrevealedthehypocrisiesandstupiditiesofthevillageofSendoff.Althoughhehadanumberofoddjobsearlyinhislife,ClemenswasbestknownasawriterwhotookthepennameofMarkTwainaboutfiveyearsafterhepublishedhisfirstmajorwork.Twainwasatravelingjournalist,humorist,writer,andlecturer.AmonghisworksTheAdventuresofTomSawyer（1876）andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn（1885）wereconsideredthemilestoneofAmericanliterature,whichsignedhisgoldenageofwriting.Hemingwayeversaid:

@#@TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwasthebeginningofAmericanliterature.[2]Thisgreatworkmeantalotindifferentaspectssuchasthetheme,style,languageandsoon.MarkTwain’srichexperiencenourishedhisuniquehumor.@#@2MarkTwain’sexperiencesisthemainresourceofhiswriting@#@Above,IhavegiventhereadersabriefintroductionaboutMarkTwain’sexperiences.Itistheseexperiencesthatcultivatehispersonalityandhumor.Thoughhewasborninapoorfamily,Hehadapositiveattitudetowardlife,whichmaybewasmostlyinfluencedbyhistendermother.MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn’sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer’sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.Afterhisfatherdied,hisfamilybecamepoorersothathehadtowork.Inoureyes,thisslipmustbecomethebiggestsetbacktowardTwain’slife,buthewasneverfrustratedandgaveuplife.Sohumorbelongedtohimwhenhewasborn.MarkTwaindidvariousjobs---trampprinter,riverpilotonasteamboatandminer.Facinganddealingwithdifferentproblems,hegainedakeenperceptionofthehumanraceandthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimedtobeandwhattheyreallywere.WhenyoungMarkTwainenteredasapilotonasteamboatin1857,allkindsofcharacterssetbeforehimjustlikeastage.Helistenedtotheirtalkaboutfends,piracies,lynching,medicineshowsandsavagewatersideslums.Thathisfourandahalfyearinthesteamboattradewastherealbeginningofhiseducation,whichcouldnotlearnfrombook.AllofthiswouldresurfaceinTwain’sbookstogetherwiththecolorfullanguage.Hesatirizedtheuglyaspectsofthesepersons,whichtotallyreflectedhishumor.Asweallknown,thegeographiccore,inMarkTwain’searlyyears,wasthegreatvalleyoftheMississippiriver.MississippiriverwasthemainarteryoftransportationinUnitedStates.ThislongriverbroughtupMarkTwain.Inlaterlife,Twainacknowledgedthattheriverhadtoldhiseverypossibletypeofhumannatureandstrengthenedallhiswriting.Meanwhile,MarkTwainlikedtravelingandrangedacrossthenationformorethanathirdofhislife.Beforebecomingawriterandlecturer,hedigestedtheseAmericanexperiencesratherthansharedwithotherpeople.Hegotalongwithallsortsofpeople---kindorcruel,humorousorcynical,romanticorbitter.Godfavoredmindsthatareprepared.Whenhebegandigginghiswaybypen,everythingwasready.PeopleoftenmadeamistakebecausetheybelievedthatTwain’ssuccessowedtohisdescriptivegeniusinwriting,infact,hishumorbasedonhisexperience.Duringhislongwritingcareer,Twainalsoproducedaconsiderablenumberofessays.Thedeathofhiswifeandhisseconddaughterdarkenedtheauthor’slateryears,whichwasseeninhisposthumouslypublishedautobiography（1924）.Hisexperiencechangedandinfluencedhiswritingtoneandstyle.@#@3AmericanslaughedwithMarkTwain’shumorouslanguage@#@ThelanguageofMarkTwainmaybethebestcluetofindthathewasthefatherofhumor.AlthoughbothMarkTwainandHenryJamesbelongedtotherealismperiod,theywrotedifferently.HenryJamesmainlyfocusedontheupperclasswhileMarkTwaindealtwithcommonpeopleresultingfromhislifeonMississippiriver.Asaresult,hisbookswereeasyforAmericanstoreadandcommonpeoplewerefamiliarwithhishumorouslanguage.ForexampleinhisfamousworktheAdventuresofTomSawyerTomSawyersaid“I’vetriedit,anditdon’twork;@#@itdon’twork.Tom,Iain’tforme…”[3]（P.57）Itseemedthattherewerealotofgrammarmistakesinthissentence,whichmadeuslaughingallthetime.However,itisthosemistakesthatreflectedTomSawyer’sbadeducation.Afterhavingabiglaugh,youmayfeelsad.ThecelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountywasMarkTwain’sfirstnovel,whichestablishedhimasthe“wildhumoristofthepacificslope.”Inthisbook,MarkTwainwrote,“Colemanwithhisjumpingfrog---beststranger$50---strangerhadnofrog,andCgothimone–inthemeantimestrangerfilledC’sfrogfullofshotandhecouldnotjump.Thestranger’swon”.[4]（P.151）MarkTwainhaddescribedavividpictureofhumorofcommonpeople.@#@LeavingforCalifornia,hefoundpeoplewholivedthatwereslow,sleepyandsluggish-brained,sayingthat“weu,thatisCaliforniaallover”.Everywordisexactandisfullofartofhumor.AmericanlaughswithMarkTwainresultingfromhisonebookTheInnocentsAbroad.Thisbookcouldprovehimpatriotic.MarkTwainuseshispentoironizeAmericans,buthestillbelievedthatUnitedStateswasaholyplacesuperiortoanyothercountry.Inthisbook,hetookunholyverbalshotsattheholyland.InEuropeans’eyes,churchwasaholylandandMonaLisawastherepresentativeofbeautywhileMarkTwainjustconsidereditasapoor,dirtyplace.HealsoputthesensethattheEuropeanspickeduptheliftinhisbook,whichrevealedEuropeansdullandstupid.MarkTwaineversuggestedthataningredientwasmissileintheAmericanambitionsohesaid“whatarobustpeoplewhatanationofthinkerswemightbe,ifwewouldonlylayourselvesontheshelfoccasionallyandrenewouredges”[5]ThissentencemeansMarkTwainsuggestedAmericanpeopleshouldlearnhowtorelaxthemandliveabetterlife.Heused“layourselvesontheshelf”and“shelf”means“alongandnarrowboardfixedagainstawallorinaframeforputtingorstoringthings”.Usingmetaphor,MarkTwainexpressedhisideahumorously,meanwhile“edge”heremeans“thethinsharpcuttingpartofablade”.Theword“edge”emphasizedthatUnitedStatesisarobustandstrongpeople.Inaword,thishumoristdigshiswaybyusinghumorouslanguage,whichexpressedhiswritingstyleallover.@#@4MarkTwain’shumorbelongstotheworld@#@Definitely,MarkTwain’sexperiencewasaresourceofhiswriting.Tosomedegree,MarkTwai