届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案18页word版.docx
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届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案18页word版
2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案
单元基础知识过关训练
Ⅰ.多项选择
1.(2014·襄阳调研)Theyoungman________regularlytothemagazineTheTimes,whichmakeshimapopularwriteramongthereaders.
A.attended B.devoted
C.appealedD.contributed
2.(2014·湖北荆州质检)Consideringyoursalary,youshouldbeableto________atleast$200aweektokeepupwithyourmortgagepayments.
A.putforwardB.putup
C.putoutD.putaside
3.Familyviolenceagainstwomenhasn’tcausedwidespreadconcernbecauseitisnottheChinesetraditionto______thefamilyconflictstooutsiders.
A.expressB.expose
C.inquireD.distribute
4.(2014·襄阳八中月考)Theseresultsare________withthefindingsofthepreviousstudy,showingthatthereisacloselinkbetweenthepollutedwaterandcholera.
A.familiarB.popular
C.consistentD.content
5.(2014·湖北襄阳高三调研)Seeingadogsuddenlyappearingontheroad,thedriverturnedthesteeringwheel________toavoidhittingit.
A.randomlyB.sharply
C.severelyD.cautiously
6.Reducingthegapbetweentherichandthepoorisoneofthemain________facingthegovernment.
A.difficultiesB.challenges
C.problemsD.conflicts
7.(2014·湖北鄂西示范校高三质检)Inordernottobedesertedbythesociety,nomatterwhoweare,wemust________thecallofthetimes.
A.leadtoB.respondto
C.relatetoD.referto
8.I’mafraidIwouldn’tliketojoinyouinthegame,forIhavesomethingimportantto________.
A.reacttoB.attendto
C.attachtoD.adaptto
9.Justtakeiteasy!
Nothingserious.Takethemedicineaccordingtothe________,andyou’llgetbettersoon.
A.introductionsB.explanations
C.suggestionsD.instructions
10.Johnappliedtoseveralcompaniesafterheresignedhispositionasvicepresident,buthewas________overandoveragain.
A.rejectedB.resisted
C.reliedD.reacted
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.(2014·襄阳调研)________________________,theboatbegantorockfromsidetoside.(moment)
他一动,这艘船就开始两边摇晃。
2.____________________________________________whetheryoumakepeacewiththemornot.Forus,theyarealwaysadeadlythreat.(make)
你们是否与他们讲和毫无意义。
对我们而言,他们总是一种致命的威胁。
3.(2014·荆州质检)Thesetrees__________________astallasmorethanfivemetres,butwhyaretheystillsoshortnow?
(grow)
这些树本来能长5米高的,可为什么它们现在还那么矮?
4.Wewerealldisappointedatthenews__________________________inthegame.(defeat)
听到他们队在比赛中被打败的消息,我们大家都感到失望。
5.(2014·随州调研)Theterribledisease,if________________________,asyouknow,willspreadquickly,causingmanymoredeaths.(handle)
这种可怕的疾病,如果不及时处理,正如你所知的,将会迅速扩展,导致更多人死亡。
6.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16yearoldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____________________theaccident.(blame)
格林先生站起来为那个十六岁的男孩辩护,说那个男孩不该为此意外负责。
7.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________________________inthatfarawayvillage.(attend)
电影把我带回了我在那个遥远的村庄得到很好照顾的时光。
8.Sodifficultaquestion________________________nobodypresentatthemeetingcouldcomeupwithasolutiontoit.(put)
他提出的问题如此之难以至于与会人员没有一个人能提出解决方案。
9.Notuntilthescientistdidtheinvestigationsforalongtime________________________thepollutedairwasthecauseofthedisease.(conclude)
调查了好长时间,这名科学家才下结论说是受污染的空气导致了这种疾病的产生。
10.Itwasnotuntilthreeyearsago__________________thathewasaspy.(suspect)
直到三年前我才开始怀疑他是一名间谍。
答案
Ⅰ.1.选D 考查动词(短语)辨析。
句意:
这位年轻人定期给《泰晤士报》投稿,这使得他成为受读者欢迎的一位作家。
contributeto除了意为“贡献;有利于;导致”之外,还有“向……投稿”的意思,符合语境。
2.选D 句意:
考虑到你的薪水,你每个星期应该能至少存储200美元来偿还房贷。
put构成的四个动词短语的主要含义:
putforward“提出”;putup“建造;张贴;投宿”;putout“熄灭;发布”;putaside“保留”。
从句意可知选D。
3.选B 考查动词词义辨析。
句意:
针对妇女的家庭暴力还没有引起足够的重视,因为把家庭矛盾暴露给外人不是中国的传统。
express“表达”;expose“暴露”;inquire“询问”;distribute“分布”。
4.选C 句意:
结果与先前的研究发现相一致,表明污水与霍乱有密切的联系。
consistent“一致的”,符合句意。
5.选B 考查副词辨析。
句意:
看到一条狗突然出现在路上,司机迅速转动方向盘,以免撞上那条狗。
这里用sharply,表示“迅速地;突然地”。
randomly“随意地”;severely“严重地”;cautiously“小心地;谨慎地”。
6.选B 考查名词词义辨析。
句意:
缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。
challenge“挑战”,符合句意。
difficulty“困难”;problem“问题”;conflict“矛盾;冲突”。
7.选B 考查动词短语辨析。
句意:
为了不被社会淘汰,无论我们是谁,都应该响应时代的号召。
respondto“响应”,符合句意。
leadto“导致”;relateto“涉及”;referto“指的是”。
8.选B 句意:
我恐怕不能加入你们的活动,因为我还有重要的事情料理。
attendtosb./sth.=givepracticalconsiderationtosb./sth.“照顾、关照某人/某事物”。
9.选D 句意:
别急!
没什么严重的。
按照说明书服药,不久你就会好的。
instructions“用法说明;操作指南”,符合句意。
introduction“介绍;引进”;explanation“解释”;suggestion“建议”。
10.选A 句意:
约翰曾经是副总裁,辞职后到几家公司去应聘,但他一次次地遭到拒绝。
reject“拒绝”,符合句意。
resist“抵抗”;rely“依靠”;react“起反应”。
Ⅱ.1.Themomenthemoved
2.Itmakesnosense/Itdoesn’tmakeanysense
3.couldhavegrown
4.thattheirteamhadbeendefeated
5.nothandledintime
6.whowastoblamefor
7.whenIwaswellattended
8.didheputforwardthat
9.didheconcludethat
10.thatIbegantosuspect
单元知识综合能力测试
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018·河南省鹤壁市高级中学周练)
EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbit(轨道)ofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.
However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆形).
NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解决,计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearancehadbeen75to76yearsapart.
ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.
Itwasanastonishingidea!
Halleyfeltcertaintomakeaprediction(预言)ofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonor.
1.EdmundHalleyfiguredouttheorbitof________.
A.somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimes
B.thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimes
C.threedifferentcometsappearingatthesametime
D.severalcometsappearingatthesametime
2.Halleymadehisdiscovery________.
A.bydoingexperiments
B.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservation
C.byusingtheworkingofotherscientists
D.bychance
3.Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.
A.1704B.1705
C.1706D.1707
4.Thispassageingeneralisabout________.
A.Halleyandotherscientists
B.theorbitofacomet
C.NewtonandHalley
D.Halleyandhisdiscovery
答案与解析
文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星,以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。
1.B 推理判断题。
根据文章的第四段“Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。
2.C 细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句“Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.”可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。
故选C。
3.B 推理计算题。
文中第五段的“Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”这句话告诉我们:
他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。
故选B。
4.D 主旨大意题。
纵观全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现哈雷彗星。
故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·福建省莆田市第二十五中学月考)
Irealizethatweallliveinaworldwheretrustisinshortsupply.ItseemsthateverywhereIgo,Ihaveto__1__myidentityandtrustworthiness—whetherit'sabank,shoporanyoffice.Ihavebeenaccustomedtolivingbythe__2__thatnooneistrustworthy__3__provedotherwise.YesterdayIsawayoungmanwholivedbyatotally__4__rule.
IwaswalkingalongabusyintersectionwhenI__5__ayoungmanstandingnearthepedestriancrossingsettingupastall(货摊).__6__Iwouldignoreandhurrypastsuchsellers.ButInoticedthisyoungmanwas__7__,soIstoodforsometimewithoutcrossingthestreettoseehowhesoldhis__8__.
Soon,ayoungmotherwithalittleboycamebyandthechildsethis__9__ononeofteddybears.Themotheraskedthe__10__anditwasonlyonedollar.Shepulledouta10dollarnoteandtoldtheyoungmanthatshewasgivinghim10dollarsandwantedthe__11__back.Iwas__12__toknowhowhewasgoingtodoit.Hetoldthemomtoputthe__13__inthepouch(袋子)hangingaroundhisneckandtakeoutwhateverchangehe__14__her.
Irealizedthatthisyoungman'swholemodeofearning__15__ontrustingpeoplenottocheathim.Therewasno__16__forhimtoknowifsomeonetookoutmoreoutofhispouchofearning.Iwasso__17__byhowthisyoungmantrustedpeoplethatIboughtacarmodelfromhim.Ididnotneedit,__18__.Ijusthopedtohelpalittle.
NowI__19__believethattheworldwouldbeabetterplaceifwecouldalllearnto__20__othersmore,liketheyoungblindstreetselleroftoys.
1.A.introduceB.present
C.proveD.request
2.A.ruleB.habit
C.practiceD.law
3.A.ifB.since
C.althoughD.unless
4.A.similarB.different
C.specialD.common
5.A.approachedB.noticed
C.watchedD.looked
6.A.ActuallyB.Normally
C.InformallyD.Casually
7.A.blindB.handsome
C.disabledD.strange
8.A.clothesB.bears
C.toysD.pouches
9.A.mindB.interest
C.heartD.attraction
10.A.priceB.stall
C.toyD.help
11.A.moneyB.charge
C.changeD.note
12.A.anxiousB.surprised
C.pleasedD.curious
13.A.handB.money
C.teddybearD.necklace
14.A.gaveB.owed
C.ownedD.showed
15.A.dependedB.settled
C.decidedD.focused
16.A.problemB.point
C.wayD.doubt
17.A.attractedB.shocked
C.excitedD.touched
18.A.eitherB.instead
C.moreoverD.though
19.A.firmlyB.tightly
C.unwillinglyD.negatively
20.A.takeinB.turnto
C.helpoutD.believein
答案与