主谓一致及练习题.docx

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主谓一致及练习题.docx

主谓一致及练习题

英语中的主谓一致及练习

(一)语法一致原则:

语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。

如:

Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意:

由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

如:

WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。

如:

LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意:

①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。

如:

Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:

Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。

如:

MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。

如:

Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意:

①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。

如:

Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

如:

Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如:

Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。

这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。

如:

ClassFourisonthethirdf后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。

如:

Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

如:

Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如:

Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。

这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。

如:

ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意:

people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。

如:

Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

如:

Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.

注意:

anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

如:

Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.

(二)逻辑意义一致原则:

逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。

1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。

如:

Whichisyourbag?

/Whichareyourbags?

/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.

2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:

Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

如:

“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.

4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。

如:

Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.

5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。

如:

Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.

6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:

mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:

Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.

7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

如:

Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.

8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。

(三)就近一致原则:

在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。

如:

Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?

2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。

如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。

如:

Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..

注意:

Here引导的句子用法同上。

练习:

主谓一致

1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

2.Therich____notalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.

A.areB.amC.isD.was

4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,

A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is

7.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.

A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.

A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are

9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.

A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.

A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese

14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.

A.areB.wasC.isD.be

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.

A.doesn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed

17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is

19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.

A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen

20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.

A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

23.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.

A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen

24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingforD.weresearching

27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.

Ais;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them

28.Thispairoftrousers____toolongforhim.

A.isB.beC.areD.were

29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.

A.isB.areC.getD.equal

31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.

A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes

32.____ofthemoney____nmout.

A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeen

C.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have

33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.

A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening

34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___

moredifficult.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.

A.standB.standsC.standingD.are

36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.

A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.need

37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.

A.isB.wasC.areD.all

38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.

A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowith

C.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith

40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.

A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecided

C.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided

42.Halfofthefruit____bad.

A.areB.hasC.isD.have

43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe

45.Myfamily____small.

A.isB.wereC.areD.makes

46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.

A.areB.isC.wasD.were

47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.

A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are

48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.

A.isB.areC.wasD.has

49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.

A.wasB.isC.areD.were

51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.

A.isB.amC.areD.be

52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening?

A.isB.amC.areD.be

53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.

A.areB.wereC.isD.will

54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.

A.areB.wereC.willD.is

55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.

A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are

56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.

A.isB.amC.areD.be

57.Moreth

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