主谓一致及练习题.docx
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主谓一致及练习题
英语中的主谓一致及练习
(一)语法一致原则:
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
注意:
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.
2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:
LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.
注意:
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:
Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.
3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
如:
MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
如:
Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.
注意:
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
如:
Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如:
Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
如:
ClassFourisonthethirdf后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
如:
Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如:
Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
如:
ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
注意:
people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如:
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
注意:
anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
如:
Whichisyourbag?
/Whichareyourbags?
/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:
Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如:
“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。
如:
Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如:
Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.
7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
(三)就近一致原则:
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如:
Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如:
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..
注意:
Here引导的句子用法同上。
练习:
主谓一致
1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
2.Therich____notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.
A.areB.amC.isD.was
4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,
A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is
7.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.
A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like
8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.
A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are
9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.
A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen
11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.
A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished
12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.
A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing
13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.
A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen
C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese
14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.
A.doesn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed
17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.
A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is
19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.
A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen
20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.
A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
23.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.
A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen
24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor
C.aresearchingforD.weresearching
27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.
Ais;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them
28.Thispairoftrousers____toolongforhim.
A.isB.beC.areD.were
29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.
A.isB.areC.getD.equal
31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes
32.____ofthemoney____nmout.
A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeen
C.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have
33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening
34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___
moredifficult.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.
A.standB.standsC.standingD.are
36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.
A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.need
37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.
A.isB.wasC.areD.all
38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.
A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowith
C.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith
40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecided
C.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided
42.Halfofthefruit____bad.
A.areB.hasC.isD.have
43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?
A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is
44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.
A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe
45.Myfamily____small.
A.isB.wereC.areD.makes
46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.
A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are
48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.
A.isB.areC.wasD.has
49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.
A.wasB.isC.areD.were
51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.
A.isB.amC.areD.be
52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening?
A.isB.amC.areD.be
53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.
A.areB.wereC.isD.will
54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.
A.areB.wereC.willD.is
55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.
A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are
56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.
A.isB.amC.areD.be
57.Moreth