高考英语复习题课时20 阅读理解文体技法3Word文件下载.docx

高考英语复习题课时20 阅读理解文体技法3Word文件下载.docx

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或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

（2）推理法

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推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。

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【高考经典练】

（2015·

江苏卷，D）

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'

schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2，500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations，splendidempires，butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies，oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece，inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry，therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself－controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens，notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside，butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit，andworkforit，itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'

sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate，thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;

andwiththisastheprimaryobject，ideasoffreedomandself－relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself－dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood，theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens，theAthensofAncientGreece，refusedresponsibility;

shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.

But，“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent，”Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever，butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican，JamesMadison，referredto：

“Thecapacity（能力）ofmankindforself－government.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind，butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea，itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman'

sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?

A．Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.

B．Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C．Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.

D．Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.

2．Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho．

A．regardtheirlifeastheirownbusiness

B．seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C．behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystems

D．treatotherswithkindnessandpity

3．WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A．TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B．TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C．TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D．TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

4．Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?

A．Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.

B．Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C．Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.

D．FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself－dependence.

5．WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A．Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.

B．Theauthoriscautiousaboutself－government.

C．TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.

D．Theauthorisproudofman'

scapacity.

6．Whatistheauthor'

sunderstandingoffreedom?

A．Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.

B．Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C．Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.

D．Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

Ⅱ.能力提升练

A

Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever，eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact，accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence，“Inourcountrytoday，thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment，buttheterriblerealityofviolence”．Giventhatthisisthecase，whyaren'

tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems，drivecars，orstayphysicallyfit?

Firstofall，studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult（侮辱）．Forexample，afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults，whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'

tinthesandwich，butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.

Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable，theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution（解决）—staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer，heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords，name－calling，andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand，softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.

Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown，theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution:

listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside，andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward，thelistenercanasknon－threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'

sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.

Finally，studentsneedconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn'

tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'

swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample，ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:

Howdidthisstart?

WhatdoIreallywant?

WhatamIafraidof?

Astheissuebecomesclearer，theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn'

t，carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.

Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools，butthatdoesn'

tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram，accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility，“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;

75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;

and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”．Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends，teachers，parents，bosses，andcoworkers.Inthatway，conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.

1．Thisarticleismainlyabout．

A．thelivesofschoolchildren

B．thecauseofargumentsinschools

C．howtoanalyzeyouthviolence

D．howtodealwithschoolconflicts

2．FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat．

A．violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime

B．asmallconflictcanleadtoviolence

C．studentstendtolosetheirtempereasily

D．theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight

3．WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5?

A．Tofindoutwhotoblame.

B．Togetreadytobuynewthings.

C．Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.

D．Tofigureouthowtostoptheshoutingmatch.

4．Thewriter'

spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto．

A．complainaboutproblemsinschooleducation

B．teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollife

C．advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschools

D．informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolence

B

Wehumanbeingshavemanygreatpowersandoneofthemisourimagination.MaybeyouaresurprisedandwonderwhyIdrawsuchaconclusion.Waitandletmeexplaintoyou.

WilliamJameswasaphilosopherandoneoftheleadingthinkersmorethanacenturyago.Hesaidthisaboutthepowerofthemind，“Anythingyoumayholdfirminyourimaginationcanbeyours.”Hebelievedtherewastremendous（巨大的）powerinimaginationandwroteinlengthabout