高考英语复习题课时20 阅读理解文体技法3Word文件下载.docx

1、或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。（2）推理法推理法对推理判断题非常有用。考生一定要明白，推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。如有原句出现，则是客观事实，不是推理判断的答案。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。【高考经典练】（2015江苏卷，D）Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We a

2、re facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful

3、 man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece，in Athens（雅典），a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness an

4、d pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was selfcontrolled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were save

5、d from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who

6、 could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without

7、 being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they co

8、uld look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and selfreli

9、ance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There coul

10、d be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibil

11、ity; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But，“the excellent becomes the permanent，” Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American，James Madison，referred to：“The capacity（能力） of mankind for selfgovernment.” No doub

12、t he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.Somehow in this or that mans thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of actio

13、n.One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.1What does the underlined word “tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?ACountries where their people need help.BPowerful states with higher civilization.CSplendid empires where people enj

14、oy freedom.DGovernments ruled with absolute power.2People believing in freedom are those who Aregard their life as their own businessBseek gains as their primary objectCbehave within the laws and value systemsDtreat others with kindness and pity3What change in attitude took place in Athens?AThe Athe

15、nians refused to take their responsibility.BThe Athenians no longer took pride in the city.CThe Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.DThe Athenians looked on the government as a business.4What does the sentence“There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?AAthens would continu

16、e to be free.BAthens would cease to have freedom.CFreedom would come from responsibility.DFreedom would stop Athens from selfdependence.5Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?AThe author is hopeful about freedom.BThe author is cautious about selfgovernment.CThe author is skeptical of Gr

17、eek civilization.DThe author is proud of mans capacity.6What is the authors understanding of freedom?AFreedom can be more popular in the digital age.BFreedom may come to an end in the digital age.CFreedom should have priority over responsibility.DFreedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.能力提升

18、练ATwo friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，“In our country today，the grea

19、test threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence”Given that this is the case，why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit?First of all

20、，students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）For example，a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter

21、 sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isnt in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution （解决

22、）stay calm.Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words，namecalling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of con

23、trol.After both sides have calmed down，they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward，the listener can ask nonthr

24、eatening questions to clarify the speakers position.Then the two people should change roles.Finally，students need consider what they are hearing.This doesnt mean trying to figure out what s wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to ac

25、complish.For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes cle

26、arer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesnt，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.There will always be conflict in schools，but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program，according to Educato

27、rs for Social Responsibility，“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with fri

28、ends，teachers，parents，bosses，and coworkers.In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.1This article is mainly about Athe lives of school childrenBthe cause of arguments in schoolsChow to analyze youth violenceDhow to deal with school con

29、flicts2From Paragraph 2 we can learn that Aviolence is more likely to occur at lunchtimeBa small conflict can lead to violenceCstudents tend to lose their temper easilyDthe eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight3Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragrap

30、h 5?ATo find out who to blame.BTo get ready to buy new things.CTo make clear what the real issue is.DTo figure out how to stop the shouting match.4The writers purpose for writing this article is to Acomplain about problems in school educationBteach students different strategies for school lifeCadvoc

31、ate teaching conflict management in schoolsDinform teachers of the latest studies on school violenceBWe human beings have many great powers and one of them is our imagination.Maybe you are surprised and wonder why I draw such a conclusion.Wait and let me explain to you.William James was a philosopher and one of the leading thinkers more than a century ago.He said this about the power of the mind，“Anything you may hold firm in your imagination can be yours.” He believed there was tremendous （巨大的）power in imagination and wrote in length about