英语演讲教程英文版文档格式.docx
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Number3is...Preparation!
!
Preparationiseverything!
withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.withcontrol,youwillbe’’’’incharge’’’’andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.
objective
Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldasyourself:
”whyamImaingthispresentation”Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosellyourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.
Audience
“whoamImaingthispresentationto”Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.youshouldtrytoinformyourself.HowmanypeoplewhoaretheyBusinesspeopleProfessionalpeoplePoliticalpeopleExpertsornon-expertswillitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitorsHowmuchdotheynowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou
Venue
“whereamImaingthispresentation”Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehallwhatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailablewhataretheseatingarrangements
Timeandlength
“whenamImaingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe”willitbe5minutesor1hourjustbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy
method
HowshouldImaethispresentation”whatapproachshouldyouuseFormalorinformalLotsofvisualaidsoronlyafeillyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety
Content
“whatshouldIsay”Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.youshouldexcludeallotherideas.youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore.youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.
Structure
AwellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofolloItisthereforemoreeffective.youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomaeinalogicalorder.mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:
BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience
introduceyoursubject
explainthestructureofyourpresentation
explainrulesforquestions
middleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself
EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation
thanyouraudience
invitequestions
QuestionsandAnswers
Notes
whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!
youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!
Readingatextwillmaeyouraudiencegotosleep!
Soifyoudon’’’’thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosaywithnotes.youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemaenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtal.Somepeoplewritedowneywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!
Rehearsal
Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:
youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay
youwillidentifyweanessesinyourpresentation
youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations
youwillbeabletochecthetimethatyourpresentationtaesandmaeanynecessarymodifications
Soprepare,prepare,prepare!
Prepareeverything:
words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.IsittherightlengthAreyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrationsAretheyintherightorderDoyounohotheaudienceisHowmanypeopleHoillyouanswerdifficultquestionsDoyounowtheroomAreyouconfidentabouttheequipmentwhenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.
Equipment
Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...yoU
!
maesureyou’’’’reinfullworingorder,andchecyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon’’’’t,youraudiencewill!
theoverheadprojectordisplaysoverheadtransparencies.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:
itcanbeusedindaylight
theusercanfacetheaudience
theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse
thewhiteboardisausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theoHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.marersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboardorflipchart.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blacandgreen.Again,it’’’’sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell.”Agoodwormanneverblameshistools.”Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou’’’’flip’’’’orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visualpresentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytae35mmslidesortransparencies,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.
Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepacedupandtransported.Thenoteboocomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou’’’’handout’’’’ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.
Delivery
‘‘‘‘Delivery’’’’referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.
Nerves
mostspeaersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeaslowlyandcalmly.youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.
AudienceRapport
youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeaingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlooateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.
yourobjectiveistocommunicate!
BodyLanguage
whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.yourbodyisspeaingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.yourclothes,yourwal,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaing,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmaingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.youcanstandverystillwhiletalingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.whateffectdoyouthinthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience
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CulturalConsiderations
BecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speaers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydifferencesinculture.IfwehypotheticallyimagineaGermanworingforanIsraelicompanymaingapresentationinEnglishtoajapaneseaudienceinorea,wecanseethatthereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmisunderstanding.youshouldtrytolearnaboutanyparticularculturalmattersthatmayaffectyouraudience.Thisisonereasonwhypreparationforyourpresentationissoimportant.Culturaldifferencescanalsobeseeninbodylanguage,whichwehavejustdiscussed.ToaLatinfromSouthernFranceorItaly,apresenterwhouseshishandsandarmswhenspeaingmayseemdynamicandfriendly.ToanEnglishman,thesamepresentermayseemunsureofhiswordsandlacinginself-confidence.
Voicequality
Itis,ofcourse,importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation.Rememberthatifyouturnawayfromyouraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeaalittlemoreloudly.Ingeneral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience.youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways:
speed:
youcanspeaatnormalspeed,youcanspeafaster,youcanspeamoreslowly-andyoucanstopcompletely!
youcanpause.Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudience’’’’sattention.intonation:
youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice.youcanspeainahightone.youcanspeainalowtone.volume:
youcanspeaatnormalvolume,youcanspealoudlyandyoucanspeaquietly.Loweringyourvoiceandspeaingquietlycanagainattractyouraudience’’’’sinterest.
theimportantpointisnottospeainthesame,flat,monotonousvoicethroughoutyourpresentation-thisisthevoicethathypnotistsusetoputtheirpatients’’’’intotrance!
Visualaids
ofalltheinformationthatentersourbrains,thevast