初中英语知识系统Word格式.docx
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air
almost
alone
also
along
among
animal
around
art
baby
basketball
beat
bedroom
below
bill
birthday
bit
blow
bookshop
bright
business
bye-bye
card
care
careful
centre
choose
Christmas
cinema
classmate
classroom
clear
computer
cool
copy
corner
cost
cotton
course
cover
cow
cross
dad
dangerous
decide
delicious
deep
dictionary
dollar
driver
duck
dumpling
during
empty
end
even
exam
except
excuse
expensive
fail
famous
fan
farmer
favourite
fill
floor
follow
football
foreign
fridge
friendly
fruit
fun
future
gate
grade
grandmother/grandma
grandfather/grandpa
grass
happen
hardly
healthy
hello
hi
history
hole
homework
hotel
hurt
husband
ice
idea
important
inside
instead
interested
internet
invent
jacket
join
key
kill
kilometer
knock
lady
land
language
later
lay
lazy
league
lend
line
list
loud
low
lucky
madam
market
maths
matter
mean
message
metre
miss
mistake
monkey
mountain
mum
museum
newspaper
noise
none
nurse
OK
outside
page
pardon
pear
perhaps
person
pick
picnic
pioneer
plane
plate
police
policeman
polite
popular
possible
practise
problem
programme
pupil
race
rather
reach
receive
report
ride
ring
sad
save
science
seem
sell
serious
set
several
sheep
sick
sir
size
sound
step
stick
subject
suddenly
sugar
surprise
team
temperature
term
terrible
thirsty
though
ticket
top
toward（s）
true
until
useful
usual
vegetable
visitor
wake
weak
welcome
wet
whole
wide
wife
win
wish
without
wonderful
zero
语法项目表
（加“＊”号的项目只要求理解）
1.词类：
1）名词2）形容词3）副词4）动词5）代词6）冠词7）数词8）介词9）连词10）感叹词
＊2.构词法：
1）合成法classroom,something,reading-room
2）派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,
cloudy,unhappy
3）转化法hand（n.）—hand（v.）
dry（adj.）—dry（v.）
3.名词
1）可数名词和不可数名词
2）名词的复数
3）专有名词
4）所有格
4.代词
1）人称代词的主格和宾格形式
2）物主代词的形容词与名词性形式
3）反身代词myself,himself,ourselves,etc.
4）指示代词this,that,these,those
5）不定代词some,any,no,etc.
6）疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.
5.数词 基数词和序数词
6.介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法
7.连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
8.形容词
1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
2）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）的基本用法
（1）构成-er,-est;
more,themost
（2）基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as...
notas（so）＋原级形式＋as...
比较级形式＋than...
the＋最高级形式＋...in（of）...
9.副词
1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
2）疑问副词when,where,how
3）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）
＊10.冠词 一般用法
11.动词
＊1）动词种类
（1）行为动词或实义动词
1及物动词
2不及物动词
（2）连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.
（3）助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc.
（4）情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.
2）时态
（1）一般现在时
Igetupatsixo’clockeverymorning.
Hedoesn’tspeakRussian.
Theyareverybusy.
Themoonmovesroundtheearth.
Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.
I’llgotoseeyoutonightifI’mfree.
（2）一般过去时
IwasinGradeOnelastyear.
Igotupatfiveyesterday.
（3）一般将来时
1.shall（will）＋动词原形
Ishall（will）gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.
Shewillbeheretomorrow.
2.begoingto＋动词原形
I’mgoingtohelphim.
（4）现在进行时
We’rereadingthetextnow.
They’rewaitingforabus.
（5）现在完成时
Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.
Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.
＊（6）过去进行时
Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.
TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.
＊（7）过去完成时
WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.
ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.
ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.
＊（8）过去将来时
Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.
BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.
3）被动语态
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
Englishistaughtinthatschool.
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.
（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.
4）动词不定式
＊
（1）作主语
Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.
Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.
（2）作宾语
Theybegantoread.
（3）作宾语补足语
Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.
Weoftenheardhersing.
＊（4）作定语
Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.
（5）作状语
Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.
（6）用在how,when,where,what,which等之后
Idon’tknowhowtouseacomputer.
Doyouknowwhentostart?
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
12.句子种类
1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）
2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）
3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）
＊4）感叹句
＊13.句子成份
1）主语
Bettylikeshernewbike.
Hegetsupearlyeveryday.
Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.
2）谓语
Weworkhard.
Theboycaughtabird.
Heismybrother.
Theyalllookfine.
3）表语
Hersisterisanurse.
It’sme.
I’mready.
Hegotangry.
Wewereathomelastnight.
Hiscupisbroken.
4）宾语
Tomboughtastory-book.
Isawhimyesterday.
Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.
5）直接宾语和间接宾语
Hegavemesomeink.
Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.
6）宾语补足语
CallherXiaoLi.
Youmustkeeptheroomclean.
Johnaskedmetohelphim.
7）定语
Thisisagreenjeep.
Thisisanappletree.
Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?
Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.
8）状语
Youarequiteright.
ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.
Hestoppedtohavealook.
14.简单句的五种基本句型
第一种 主语＋连系动词＋表语（S＋V＋P）
Thebikeisnew.
Themapisonthewall.
第二种 主语＋不及物动词（S＋V）
Heswims.
第三种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
Childrenoftensingthissong.
第四种 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.
第五种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
15.并列句
Helikesmaths,butheneedshelp.
Ihelphimandhehelpsme.
16.复合句
1）宾语从句
Hesaid（that）hefeltsick.
Idon’tknowwhether（if）shestillworksinthefactory.
ItakebackwhatIsaid.
Ican’ttellwhoisthere.
CanyoutellmewheretheSummerPalaceis?
2）状语从句
ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.
I’llgowithyoutothecinemathisafternoonifI’mfree.
Thestudentswenttothefarmbecausethefarmersneededsomehelp.
Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.
Hewassotiredthathecouldn’twalkon.
＊Jackworkedhardsothathemightgetagoodjob.
DoctorWangwenttothehospitalthoughitrainedheavily.
＊3）定语从句
Findthegirlwhoiswearingaredskirt.
Showmethepicturethatyoulikebest.
Colourthebirdswhich（that）areflying.
Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyester
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