高三英语阶段性自测试题IWord下载.docx
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Acrossspeciesofmammals,brainsizevarieswidely.Thisisthoughttobeaconsequenceofspecificdifferencesinthebenefitsandcostsofalargerbrain.Mammalswithlargerbrainsmay,forexample,havegreatercognitiveabilitiesthatenablethemtoadaptbettertoenvironmentalchangesortheymayhavelongerlifespans(寿命).Buttheremayalsobedisadvantages:
forinstance,largerbrainsrequiremoreenergy,soindividualsthatpossessthemmayshowreducedfertility(繁殖力).
Theresearchers,basedattheUniversityofCambridge’sZoologyDepartmentandEdinburghUniversity’sInstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,wantedtotestiftheycouldfindmoredirectgeneticornon-geneticevidenceofthecostsandbenefitsoflargebrainsizebyparingthelongevity(长寿)andsurvivalofindividualsofthesamespecieswithdifferentsizedbrains.Usingtheskullsof1,314wildreddeerwhoselifehistoriesandbreedingsuccesshadbeenmonitoredinthecourseofalong-termstudyontheIsleofRum,theyfoundthatfemaleswithlargerendocranialvolumes(脑腔容量)livedlongerandproducedmoresurvivingoffspringinthecourseoftheirlives.
LeadauthorDrCorinaLogan,aGatesCambridgeScholar,says,“Thereasonsfortheassociationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevityarenotknown,butotherstudieshavesuggestedthatlargerbrainsareaconsequenceofthelonger-livedspecieshavinglongerdevelopmentalperiodsinwhichthebraincangrow.Thesehypotheses(假设)weregeneratedfromcross-speciescorrelations;
however,testingsuchhypothesesrequiresinvestigationsatthewithin-specieslevel,whichiswhatwedid.”
DrLoganadds,“Wefoundthatsomeofthecross-speciespredictionsaboutbrainsizeheldforfemalereddeer,andthatnoneofthepredictionsweresupportedinmalereddeer.Thisindicatesthateachsexlikelyexperiencesitsownsetoftrade-offs(权衡,协调)withregardtobrainsize.”Thestudyalsoshowedthatfemales’relativeendocranialvolumeissmallerthanthatofmales,despiteevidenceofselectionforlargerbrainsinfemales.
ProfessorTimClutton-Brock,whosetuptheRumRedDeerstudywithFionaGuinnessin1972andinitiatedtheworkonbrainsize,pointsout,“Thereasonthatthiskindofstudyhasnotbeenconductedbeforeisthatitrequireslongtermrecordsofalargenumberofindividualsacrossmultiplegenerationsanddataofthiskindarestillrareinwildanimals.”
1.Whatdoesthenewresearchaboutbrainsizereveal?
A.Large-brainreddeertendtobemorereproductive.
B.Large-brainfemaledeersurvivesmall-brainmaledeer.
C.Brainsizecausesindividualdifferencesinsomemammals.
D.Brainsizehasbeenincreasingfromgenerationtogeneration.
2.Fordifferentspeciesofmammals,brainsizevarieswidelyinthat______.
A.mammalscandevelopdifferentadaptiveabilities
B.alargerbrainhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages
C.differentmammalsarebornwithdifferentlifespans
D.brainsizeisaffectedbygeneticornon-geneticfactors
3.Whatcanwelearnabouttherelationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevity?
A.Thecauseandeffectneedstobefurtherinvestigated.
B.Brainsizeabsolutelydeterminesanimals’longevity.
C.Longer-livedspeciesallowbrainstogrowtoalargesize.
D.Thecross-speciesassumptionsapplytoreddeerofbothsexes.
4.WhatcanweinferfromProfessorTimClutton-Brock’swords?
A.Researcherscan’tpossiblyreachaconclusionaboutthereason.
B.Researchersarenotpatientenoughtokeeplongtermrecords.
C.Suchresearchhasbeenthoroughlyconductedonwildanimalsbefore.
D.Suchresearchwillwitnessgreatdifficultyinthelong-termprocess.
B
Chinahasmorethan30intangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)recognizedbytheUNESCO,includingpaper-cutting,theDragonBoatFestival,PekingOpera,acupuncture(针灸)andsoon.TheorganizationadoptedadecisionthatChina’s“TheTwenty-FourSolarTerms”(二十四节气)shouldbeputontheRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin
2016inEthiopia.
TheTwenty-FourSolarTerms,knowledgeoftimeandpracticesinagriculture,startsfromtheBeginningofSpringandendswiththeGreaterCold,movingincycles.Itdevelopedthroughtheeobservationofthesun’sannualmovementinChina.Inancienttime,themethodoftugui,earthsundial(日暑),wasusedtomeasuretheshadowofthesunfordeterminingthesolarterms.
TheTwenty-FourSolarTermscameintobeinganddevelopedincloserelationshipwithChineseagriculturalproduction.Attheinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebegantoexploretheseasonalrulesintheagriculturalproductiontomeettheneedsinseeding,harvestingandotheractivities.Gradually,theyformedtheconceptof“seedinspring,growinsummer,harvestinautumnandstoreinwinter”.Duringthespringandautumnperiods,theagriculturalproductionwashighlyinfluencedbytheseasonalchanges,thusformingtheconceptofSolarTerms.
AsatraditionalChineseknowledgesystemoftimewithahistoryofthousandsofyears,theTwenty-FourSolarTermsclearlyexpressestheconceptsofrespectfornature,andharmonybetweenmanandnature.CreatedbyChineseancestors,ithasfunctionedasapletesetofweathercalendar(日历)toguidetheagriculturalproductioninChina.IthasalsobeenintroducedintoNorthKorea,JapanandotherneighboringcountriesandstillusedinJapan.TheChineseheritagehasprovablyinfluencedthepeople’swayofthinkingandbehavingandwillcontinuetobeanimportantcarrierofChineseculturalidentity.
5.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theTwenty-FourSolarTerms______.
A.wasusedtomeasuretheshadowofthesun
B.hasnotbeenlistedasoneintangibleculturalheritageofhumanity
C.repeatsfromtheBeginningofSpringtotheGreaterColdeveryyear
D.isthebestintangibleculturalheritagerecognizedbytheUNESCO
6.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_______inChinainthepast.
A.theTwenty-FourSolarTermsonlyinfluencedspringandautumn
B.theTwenty-FourSolarTermshadsomethingtodowithagriculture
C.peoplecaredaboutthechangesofweatherjustforfun
D.agriculturalproductionhighlyinfluencedtheseasonalchanges
7.WecaninferfromthetextthattheTwenty-FourSolarTerms_______.
A.isanagriculturalcalendarmerelyusedinChina
B.isstronglyinfluencedbyNorthKoreaandJapan
C.isscarcelyconnectedwithnaturalreles
D.ispartoftraditionalChineseculture
C
Soonenough,wewilllosesomeofthemostamazingsitesonEarth!
TheGreatBarrierReef---Risingairtemperatureswillcauseseatemper
aturestoriseaswell.Alllifesupportedbytheoceanswillbeaffectedwiththisshocktotheirecosystem.Coralaresomeofthemostvulnerablemarineanimalsandwearealreadywatchingwholereefsdisappear.TheGreatBarrierReefinAustraliaisnoexceptionandwillcontinuetoshrinkasthetemperaturesrise!
Thesereefsaresomeofthebestintheworldfordiving,buttheywillsoondisappear!
Venice---Sprawingacross(横跨)hundredsofsmallislandsinNortheastItaly,VeniceisatextremeriskofsinkingintotheAdriaticSea.Risingsealevelsareinfactaseriousthreattomanycoastalcitieslocatedatsealevel.Luckyforus,however,Veniceisdevelopingaseriesofseawallstoprotectthecityintimesofhightide.
Glacier(冰川)NationalPark---GlacierNationalParkwasoncecoveredbyover150glaciers,butby2005itonlyhadabout27!
LocatedinMontana,Canada,thisparkisoveramillionacresandhasahugeplantandwildlifepopulation.Astemperaturesrise,theglaciersandicemelt,whichwillupsettheecosystemssustainingoverathousandplantspeciesandhundredsofanimals.
TheAmazon---Thecausebehindthedisappearanceofthesefantasticplacesultimatelyesdowntohumans.Ourexpansionusuallyrequirescuttingdownforestsforland,fuelandmaterials,butrarelyconsiderstheconsequences.Theseforestsaresourcesoffoodandmedicineforjustabouteveryoneontheplanet!
Whatwillhappenifwelosethesevaluableplacesandbeautifuldestinations?
!
8.Accordingtothetext,whatiscausingcoral’sdeath?
A.Risingsealevels
B.Humans’divingactivities
C.Risingseatemperatures
D.Theshrinkage(缩小)oftheirhabitats
9.Whatcanweinferfromthepartof“Venice”?
A.VeniceistheonlycoastalcityofItaly
B.Manyplacesareintheriskofsinkingbelowthesealevel
C.Venicewillneversinkbecauseoftheprotectionofseawalls
D.ItalyconsistsofhundredsofsmallislandsintheAdriaticSea
10.WhatcanwelearnaboutGlacierNationalParkfromthetext?
A.ItcoversalargeareainMontana
B.Itiscoveredbyover150glaciers
C.Plantspeciesandanimalsinithavediedout
D.Itdoesn’tsupportanylivingthingforitscold
11.Whichsite’sshrinkingreasondiffersfromtheothersites?
A.TheGreatBarrierReefB.Venice
C.GlacierNationalParkD.TheAmazon
D
Anewgenerationaddictionisquicklyspreadingallovertheworld.Weboholism,atwentiethcenturydisease,affectspeoplefromdifferentages.Theysurfthenet,useemailandspeakinchatrooms.Theyspendmanyhoursontheputer,anditbeesap