高三英语阶段性自测试题IWord下载.docx

1、Across species of mammals, brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may, for example, have greater cognitive abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or the

2、y may have longer lifespans （寿命） . But there may also be disadvantages: for instance, larger brains require more energy, so individuals that possess them may show reduced fertility （繁殖力）.The researchers, based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of

3、Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by paring the longevity （长寿） and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains. Using the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose li

4、fe histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum, they found that females with larger endocranial volumes （脑腔容量） lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.Lead author Dr Corina Logan, a Gates Cambridge Sc

5、holar, says, “The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known, but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow. These hypotheses （假设） were generated from c

6、ross-species correlations; however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level, which is what we did.”Dr Logan adds, “We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer, and that none of the predictions were supported in mal

7、e red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs （权衡，协调） with regard to brain size.” The study also showed that females relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males, despite evidence of selection for larger brains in females.Professor Tim Clutton-Bro

8、ck, who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and initiated the work on brain size, points out, “The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long term records of a large number of individuals across multiple generations and data of this ki

9、nd are still rare in wild animals.”1What does the new research about brain size reveal?A. Large-brain red deer tend to be more reproductive.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in some mammals.D. Brain size has been increasing from gene

10、ration to generation.2For different species of mammals, brain size varies widely in that _.A. mammals can develop different adaptive abilitiesB. a larger brain has its advantages and disadvantagesC. different mammals are born with different lifespansD. brain size is affected by genetic or non-geneti

11、c factors3What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity?A. The cause and effect needs to be further investigated.B. Brain size absolutely determines animals longevity.C. Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a large size.D. The cross-species assumptions apply to red de

12、er of both sexes.4What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton-Brocks words?A. Researchers cant possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.B. Researchers are not patient enough to keep long term records.C. Such research has been thoroughly conducted on wild animals before.D. Such research will wit

13、ness great difficulty in the long-term process.BChina has more than 30 intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） recognized by the UNESCO, including paper-cutting, the Dragon Boat Festival, Peking Opera, acupuncture（针灸） and so on. The organization adopted a decision that Chinas “The Twenty-Four Solar Te

14、rms”（二十四节气） should be put on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 in Ethiopia.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge of time and practices in agriculture, starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. It developed thr

15、ough thee observation of the suns annual movement in China. In ancient time, the method of tugui, earth sundial（日暑）, was used to measure the shadow of the sun for determining the solar terms.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms came into being and developed in close relationship with Chinese agricultural pro

16、duction. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore the seasonal rules in the agricultural production to meet the needs in seeding, harvesting and other activities. Gradually, they formed the concept of “seed in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn and store in wi

17、nter”. During the spring and autumn periods, the agricultural production was highly influenced by the seasonal changes, thus forming the concept of Solar Terms.As a traditional Chinese knowledge system of time with a history of thousands of years, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms clearly expresses the co

18、ncepts of respect for nature, and harmony between man and nature. Created by Chinese ancestors, it has functioned as a plete set of weather calendar（日历） to guide the agricultural production in China. It has also been introduced into North Korea, Japan and other neighboring countries and still used i

19、n Japan. The Chinese heritage has provably influenced the peoples way of thinking and behaving and will continue to be an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity.5According to the first two paragraphs, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms_.A. was used to measure the shadow of the sunB. has not been li

20、sted as one intangible cultural heritage of humanityC. repeats from the Beginning of Spring to the Greater Cold every yearD. is the best intangible cultural heritage recognized by the UNESCO6We can learn from the text that _ in China in the past.A. the Twenty-Four Solar Terms only influenced spring

21、and autumnB. the Twenty-Four Solar Terms had something to do with agricultureC. people cared about the changes of weather just for funD. agricultural production highly influenced the seasonal changes7We can infer from the text that the Twenty-Four Solar Terms _.A. is an agricultural calendar merely

22、used in ChinaB. is strongly influenced by North Korea and JapanC. is scarcely connected with natural relesD. is part of traditional Chinese cultureCSoon enough, we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!The Great Barrier Reef-Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as

23、well. All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem. Coral are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise

24、! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear!Venice-Sprawing across（横跨）hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy, Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea. Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located a

25、t sea level. Lucky for us, however, Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.Glacier（冰川）National Park-Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers, but by 2005 it only had about 27! Located in Montana, Canada, this park is over a million acr

26、es and has a huge plant and wildlife population. As temperatures rise, the glaciers and ice melt, which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.The Amazon-The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately es down to humans. Our

27、 expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials, but rarely considers the consequences. These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!What will happen if we lose these valuable places and beautiful destinations?!8According to the t

28、ext, what is causing corals death?A. Rising sea levelsB. Humans diving activitiesC. Rising sea temperaturesD. The shrinkage（缩小）of their habitats9What can we infer from the part of “Venice”?A. Venice is the only coastal city of ItalyB. Many places are in the risk of sinking below the sea levelC. Veni

29、ce will never sink because of the protection of sea wallsD. Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea10What can we learn about Glacier National Park from the text?A. It covers a large area in MontanaB. It is covered by over 150 glaciersC. Plant species and animals in it have di

30、ed outD. It doesnt support any living thing for its cold11Which sites shrinking reason differs from the other sites?A. The Great Barrier Reef B. VeniceC. Glacier National Park D. The AmazonDA new generation addiction is quickly spreading all over the world. Weboholism, a twentieth century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the net, use email and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the puter, and it bees a p