天津西青区高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习8及答案文档格式.docx
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Ontheonehand，someproducerscanbetooold fashionedandtooconcernedwiththeimportanceofproductengineeringandthefunctionalityoftheirgoods.Ontheotherhand，therearethosewhobelievethathowaproductlooksismoreimportant.Designisindeedabroadterm，involvingbothfunctionandform.Typically，inanygivenproductarea，itchangesfromtheformertothelatter.Clothingisagoodexample.Butsurelyyouwouldhavetobeaveryshallowpersontothinksomething'
sappearanceismoreimportantthanwhatitdoes.
Todaynearlyallgoodsatanygivenpricepointdomuchthesamejob.Soalmosttheonlywayproducerscandifferentiatetheirproductsfromthoseoftheircompetitorsistocreatesomesortofemotionalconnectionwiththeconsumer，whichcouldbethroughthevisualappealoftheproductoritspackaging，ortheimagery（意象）createdbyadvertising.AndwhatoftheDysonvacuumcleaner?
Mr.Dysonmaybelievethatpeoplebuythesemachinesbecauseofthegraphsshowingtheirsuperiorsuction，butmostvacuumcleanersdoagoodjob；
themainreasonpeoplepayextraforaDysonisthatitisavacuumcleanerwithatrendybrand.Withitsinsideworkingsexposed，itisabitlikeaRichardRogersbuildingwithallitspipesshowninbrightcolorsontheoutsideinsteadofbeinghiddeninside.Functionalitmaybe，butitisabitofatrick，too.
【语篇导读】 英国吸尘器发明家Dyson因强烈反对设计博物馆太过注重外在的风格样式而辞职，他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方。
1．Mr.DysonlefttheDesignMuseumbecausehethoughtthemuseum______.
A．didn'
tincreasethenumberofvisitors
B．couldn'
tprovidescholarshipsforlearners
C．wasn'
tloyaltoitsoriginalpurposeoflearning
D．didn'
thavegreatappealforseriousindustrialdesign
解析 推理判断题。
由第一段的最后一句话和第二段的第一句可知，他辞职是因为设计博物馆太注重风格样式。
他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方，他们的做法违背了这个初衷。
答案 C
2．Speakingofclothing，theunderlinedword“latter”refersto“______”．
A．affordingprotection
B．indicatingone'
sidentity
C．providingwarmth
D．makingsomeonebeautiful
解析 词义猜测题。
根据文章内容可知，这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form，即外形。
因此D项正确。
答案 D
3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A．Aproductwithconvenientpackagingsellswell.
B．Themajorityofconsumersprefertobuybrandedgoods.
C．Mostsimilarlypricedproductsareofacomparablestandard.
D．Emotioncontributesmuchtothedevelopmentofadvertisingindustry.
解析 细节理解题。
由第四段的第一句可知，大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作，即大多数相似价格的产品都有可比的标准。
所以C项正确。
4．Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardstheformofaproduct?
A．Optimistic.B．Sceptical.
C．Disapproving.D．Objective.
解析 态度推断题。
由最后两段的内容可知，作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的，但也是个小花招，因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。
选D。
PassageNine（TheProgram-FederalGovernmentHelpsMinorityBusiness）
Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministration（SBA）beganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusinessenterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnewbusinesses,theresultsweredisappointing,sincemanagerialinexperience,unfavorablelocations,andcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplemented,minoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.
Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingawayfromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglarge,growth-orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.Inthisapproach,largecorporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinessesbymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.ThecapitalisusedbyaparticipatingcompanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersofcustomersofthesponsoringcompany.
MESBIC’saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswitheasieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperience,aswellassubstantialamountsofcapital,givesthosefirmsagreateropportunitytodevelopsoundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperienceandsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Further,sincepotentialmarketsfortheminoritybusinessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringcompanies,theminoritybusinessesfaceconsiderablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.Followingearlyfinancialandoperatingproblems,sponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC’sfarabovethelegalminimumof$500,000inordertogeneratesufficientincomeandtosustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC’sarenowemergingasincreasinglyimportantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises.
Ironically,MESBICstaffs,whichusuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionals,tendtoapproachinvestmentsinminorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectors,whoareusuallyseniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyintermsofthe‘socialresponsibilityapproach’andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierandlessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesinviewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmembers,whofeelthatminorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusinessconsiderations.ThesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginalphilosophyofMESBIC’sandtheyareconcernedthat,unlessamoreprudentcourseiffollowed,MESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytore-createthedisappointingresultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?
[A]TheuseofMESBIC’sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreaterpotentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.
ThereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsomeMESBIC’s.
[C]Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketing,minoritybusinesseshavebeguntoexpandatasteadyrate.
[D]Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequallysuccessfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.
2.Accordingtothepassage,theMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachinthatMESBIC’s
[A]seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketforminoritybusinesses.
Encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.
[C]Attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.
[D]Relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.
Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwasmanagementandtechnicalassistance.
[C]Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthantheratethatactuallyresulted.
[D]Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorableforbusinessdevelopment.
4.Theauthorreferstothe‘financialandoperatingproblems’encounteredbyMESBIC’sprimarilyinorderto
[A]broadenthescopeofthediscussiontoincludethelegalconsiderationsoffundingMESBIC’sthroughsponsoringcompanies.
callattentiontothefactthatMESBIC’smustreceiveadequatefundinginordertofunctioneffectively.
[C]showthatsponsoringcompanieswerewillingtoinvestonly$500,000ofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapitalintheoriginalMESBIC’s.
[D]CompareSBAandMESBIClimitsonminimumfunding.
5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheattitudeofsomeMESBICstaffmembertowardtheinvestmentspreferredbysomeMESBICdirectorscanbebestdescribedas
[A]disappointing.
Indifferent.
[C]Shocked.
[D]Defensive.
Vocabulary
1.implement
执行，履行
2.growth-oriented
增长潜力的，有发展性的
3.intermediarycompany
中介公司，中间公司
4.venturecapital
风险资本
5.entrepreneur
企业家，创业者
6.fluctuation
波动，涨落，起伏
7.pragmatically
实用地
难句译注
1.
Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplementedminoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.
【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2％。
2.
Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentofthesupportinglarge,growthorientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.
【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。
3.
Bymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.
利用政府资助的风险资本。
4.
TheMESBICthenprovidescapitalandguidancetominoritybusinessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersorcustomersofthesponsoringcompany.
【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。
这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。
5.
MESBIC–min
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