文体学论文文档格式.docx

文体学论文文档格式.docx

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中国·

哈尔滨

2011年6月

Contents

AbstractinEnglish............................................................................

AbstractinChinese...........................................................................

Introduction........................................................................................1

1.LiteratureReview.......................................................................1

1.1WhatisStyleandWhatisStylistics?

...........................................2

1.1.1Style.....................................................2

1.1.2Stylistics.....................................................2

1.2MajorLevelsofStylisticAnalysis............................................2

1.2.1LinguisticDescription.....................................................2

1.2.2TextualAnalysis.....................................................2

1.2.3ContextuaFactorsAnalysis.....................................................2

1.3GeneralReviewofSomeSpeechTheoriesRelatedtoThisResearch............................................................................2

1.3.1SpeechActTheory....................................................2

1.3.2CooperativePrinciple.....................................................2

1.4Sitcom............................................................................2

1.4.1SitcomandItsGeneralFeatures................................2

1.4.2AnOverviewofFriends...........

1.5ReviewonthePreciousResearchonFriends............................2

2.LinguisticDescriptionofFriends..............................................3

2.1Tyrannicalwomen......................................................................3

2.2Hypocriticalwomen...................................................................4

2.3Lustfulwomen...........................................................................4

3.AttractivenessofWomen..................................................................5

3.1Beautifuloutwardappearance....................................................5

3.2Purityandquietness....................................................................6

Conclusion..............................................................................................7

Abstract

Inrecentyears,thereexistsagreatnumberofresearchofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish,suchasnovels,newsbroadcast,scientificreadings,etc.Nevertheless,whatcannotbearanyofournegligenceisthatstylisticsonsitcoms---anewtypeoflanguagematerial,isingreatscarcity.Hence,theauthorofthisthesisintendstoinvestigateFriends,apopularlyshownEnglishlanguagesitcomfromtheperspectiveofgeneralstylisticsintermsoflinguisticdescription,textualanalysisandcontextualanalysisrespectively.

Thisthesisexaminesthreerandomlyselectedepisodesbymeansofqualitativeresearch

unfoldingtheirstylisticfeatures,namelysomesimilaritiesaswellasdisparitiesamongthemintermsofstylistics.Throughthisresearch,theauthorhasthefollowingfindings:

Atthephonologicallevel,theswifttempothroughouttheepisodesandthefrequentuseofnitialstressplayavitalrole.Atthegraphologicallevel,thefrequentemploymentofcommas,uniquenessinspellingandemotionandactionmarkersphrasedinbracketsarethemostdistinctstylisticfeatures.

Atthelexicallevel,theemploymentofmonosyllabic,informal,dynamic,colloquial,concrete

andfluffwordsistypicaloftheselectedepisodes.Atthegrammatical/syntacticlevel,theoverwhelmingemploymentofsimplesentencesandactivevoiceisthemostdistinctfeatureoftheselectedepisodes.Sofarastextualanalysisisconcerned,thisthesishaspenetratedmainlyintothelay-outoftheselectedepisodes,discoveringthatallthethreeepisodessharethesametextlay-out,namelytheprelude,thebodyaswellastheendingscene.

Contextualfactorsanalysisisalsoconductedinthisresearch.Wehavediscoveredthatthefieldofdiscourse,thetenorofdiscourseandthemodeofdiscoursearecloselyassociatedwiththestylisticfeaturesfoundinlinguisticdescription.Inaddition,theauthorhasalsoexploredtheselectedepisodesbyemplo如ngtwospeechtheoriesofvitalimportance---SpeechActTheoryandCooperativePrinciplerespectively,findingthattheconversationsintheselectedepisodesareinlightwiththeformerwhilealwaysviolatingthelatter.

KeyWords:

stylisticssitcomlinguisticdescriptiontextualdescriptiontextualanalysiscontextualfactorsanalysis

摘要

近些年来，英语文体学研究在学术界得到了蓬勃发展。

在现在的语言学学术期刊上，我们可以经常看到大量的对所选文字资料--一比如小说、新闻、科技英语等的文体学分析。

然而，对于一种新生的语言材料--一情景喜剧的文体学分析还是少之又少。

因此，本文作者尝试用普通文体学理论分析一部英语情景喜剧--一《老友记》（又名《六人行》）。

本文选取该剧的三集进行文体特征分析，分别从语启‘学描述、语篇和语境因素的角度展开了论述。

全文采用定性分析法对任意选取的三集进行了分析，揭示了其文体特征，深入地剖析了三集文体特征的相同点和不同点。

本文作者得出的结论如下:

在语音层面，我们发现快速的节奏和重音的处理为这三集中最明显的文体特征:

在字位层面，我们发现逗号的频繁使用、拼写的独特性及括号中标注的动作是这三集的特色;

在词汇层面，我们发现单音节、非正式、口语化、动感和具体词语的使用起着举足轻重的作用;

在语法/句法层面，我们发现全文中呈压倒之势的简单句的使用和主动语态的使用是其最典型的文体特征;

在语篇层面，我们发现这三集都是由序幕、主体、结语三部分组成;

在语境层面，我们发现三集的语场、语旨和语式都与前面分析得出的文体特征相吻合。

在这里，本文还结合语用学的合作原则和言语行为原则对三集的语境因素进行了分析，发现这三集中对话的运用符合言语行为原则，而经常违反合作原则。

关键词:

文体学情景喜剧语言描述语篇分析语境因素分析

Introduction

Inrecentyears,withtheprevalenceofstylistics,anincreasingamountofattentionhasbeenattachedtothestylisticanalysisofgiventexts,namelydetailedexpositionofthegiventexts,suchaspublicspeeches,newsreports,literaryworks,etc.atphonological,graphological,lexical,syntacticandsemanticlevelsrespectively.Nevertheless,stylisticanalysisofsitcomsonetypeofconversationinparticular,isingreatscarcity.

Itisaplainfactthatsitcomscatchtheattentionofviewersworldwide.Peopledevotehugeamountoftheirfreetimetothemmostlyowingtotheirentertainmenteffect.Toachievethisbrilliance,playwrights,actorsandactressesalikespendmuchtimemanipulatingthelanguageemployedinthesitcoms.Nevertheless,whatcannotbearanyofournegligenceisthattheviewerstendtobemoreinterestedintheindividualutteranceswhileignoringthereasonlanguageisexpressedthiswayinsteadofthatway.

AccordingtoPunch（1998:

4）,researchfallsintotwomajorcategories,namelyquantitativeresearchandqualitativeresearchrespectively.Thesetwotypesofresearcharebothempiricalresearch,butthereexistsadisparitythattheformertakesnumberasitsformofdatawhilethedataformofthelatterisnotnumber-based.

Inthisthesis,theauthorattemptstoexploretheselectedlanguagematerialemployingstylisticanalysis.

AccordingtoQianYuan（钱，1991:

1），thestylisticanalysisofatextinvolvesthedescriptionofawriter'

s/speaker'

sverbalchoiceswhichcanbeabstractedasstyle.Inthisthesis,stylisticanalysisroughlyfallsintothreelevels:

linguisticdescription,textualanalysisaswellascontextualfactorsanalysis.AdetailedintroductionofthesethreestageswillbegiveninChapterTwoofthisthesis.

Thisthesisisdividedintosixchapters,withthecontentofeachspecifiedasfollows:

InChapterOne,anintroductiontothethesiswillbegiven.Thesignificanceoftheresearchwillbepointedoutinitially,namelytheoreticalandpracticalsignificancerespectively,explainingtheimceoftheresearchconducted.Thisisfollowedbyanintroductionofthemethodologyemployed,explainingtoreadersthedefinitionsofqualitativeresearchandstylisticanalysisrespectivelyandhowtheyareusedintheresearch.Eventually,theorganizationofthethesiswillbegiven,informingthereadersthedetailedcontentofeachchapter.

InChapterTwo,literaturereviewwillbegiven.Theauthorattemptstocommencefromthedefinitionofstyleandstylistics,introducingthedefinitionsgivenbydifferentschoolsandanalyzestheirrespectivemeritsanddemerits.Rightafterthis,threemajorlevelsofstylisticanalysiswillbeconducted,namelylinguisticdescription,textualanalysisandcontextualfactorsanalysis.Here,thedefinitionswillbeelaboratedindetail,tellingreadersthefunctionsateachlevel,thuslayingasolidfoundation

1.LiteratureReview

1.1WhatisStyleandWhatisStylistics?

1.1.1Style

Whenassociatedwith"

Stylistics"

inmeaning,theterm"

style"

entailsatleastfourcommonlyoccurringsenses,whichareexplicitlydistinguishedbyCrystalandDavyintheirbookInvestigatingEnglishStyle.Firstandforemost,stylemayrefertosomeorallofthelanguagehabitsofonesuchasShakespeare'

sstyle（orstyles）orMarkTwain'

sStyle.Secondly,stylemayrefertosomeorallthehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime.ForinthestyleoftheAugustanpoets,thestyleofOldEnglish,"

Heroic"

poetry,etc.Thirdly,styleisgivenamorerestrictedmeaningwhenitisusedinanevaluativesense,referringtotheeffectivenessofamodeofexpression.Thisisimpliedbysuchpopulardefinitionsofstyleas"

sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway"

or"

goodmanners"

suchasaclearorrefinedstyle.Lastbutnotleast,partlyoverlappingwiththethreesensesjustoutlinedisthewidespreaduseoftheword"

torefersolelytoliterarylanguage.

Here,themeaningofstyleinthisthesisisclosestinmeaningtothatofthesecondonementionedabove,astheauthorisattemptingtoanalyzethechosensitcomfromastylisticperspective,thustoconcludeitsstylisticcharacteristics.

AccordingtoLiuShisheng（1997:

9-10）,theterm"

style“hasasmanyas31definitionssomeofwhichareasfollows:

（1）Styleasrhetoric---Gorgias

（2）Styleasform---Aristotle

（3）Properwordsinproperplaces---Swift

（4）Styleastechniqueofexpo