文体学论文文档格式.docx

1、中国哈尔滨2011年6月ContentsAbstract in English . Abstract in Chinese . Introduction . 11.Literature Review. 1 1.1What is Style and What is Stylistics?.2 1.1.1 Style.21.1.2 Stylistics.21.2 Major Levels of Stylistic Analysis.21.2.1 Linguistic Description.21.2.2 Textual Analysis.21.2.3 Contextua Factors Analy

2、sis.21.3 General Review of Some Speech Theories Related to This Research. . . . .21.3.1 Speech Act Theory.21.3.2 Cooperative Principle.21.4 Sitcom. . . . .21.4.1 Sitcom and Its General Features.21.4.2 An Overview of Friends.1.5 Review on the Precious Research on Friends.22. Linguistic Description of

3、 Friends.3 2.1Tyrannical women.3 2.2Hypocritical women.4 2.3 Lustful women.43. Attractiveness of Women.5 3.1Beautiful outward appearance.53.2Purity and quietness.6Conclusion.7AbstractIn recent years, there exists a great number of research of different varieties of English, such as novels, news broa

4、dcast, scientific readings, etc. Nevertheless, what cannot bear any of our negligence is that stylistics on sitcoms-a new type of language material, is in great scarcity. Hence,the author of this thesis intends to investigate Friends, a popularly shown English language sitcom from the perspective of

5、 general stylistics in terms of linguistic description, textual analysis and contextual analysis respectively.This thesis examines three randomly selected episodes by means of qualitative researchunfolding their stylistic features, namely some similarities as well as disparities among them in terms

6、of stylistics. Through this research, the author has the following findings:At the phonological level, the swift tempo throughout the episodes and the frequent use of nitial stress play a vital role. At the graphological level, the frequent employment of commas, uniqueness in spelling and emotion an

7、d action markers phrased in brackets are the most distinct stylistic features.At the lexical level, the employment of monosyllabic, informal, dynamic, colloquial, concreteand fluff words is typical of the selected episodes. At the grammatical/syntactic level, the overwhelming employment of simple se

8、ntences and active voice is the most distinct feature of the selected episodes.So far as textual analysis is concerned, this thesis has penetrated mainly into the lay-out of the selected episodes, discovering that all the three episodes share the same text lay-out, namely the prelude, the body as we

9、ll as the ending scene.Contextual factors analysis is also conducted in this research. We have discovered that the field of discourse, the tenor of discourse and the mode of discourse are closely associated with the stylistic features found in linguistic description. In addition, the author has also

10、 explored the selected episodes by emplo如ng two speech theories of vital importance-Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principle respectively, finding that the conversations in the selected episodes are in light with the former while always violating the latter.Key Words: stylistics sitcom linguistic

11、 description textual description textual analysis contextual factors analysis摘要近些年来，英语文体学研究在学术界得到了蓬勃发展。在现在的语言学学术期刊上，我们可以经常看到大量的对所选文字资料-一比如小说、新闻、科技英语等的文体学分析。然而，对于一种新生的语言材料-一情景喜剧的文体学分析还是少之又少。因此，本文作者尝试用普通文体学理论分析一部英语情景喜剧-一老友记（又名六人行）。本文选取该剧的三集进行文体特征分析，分别从语启学描述、语篇和语境因素的角度展开了论述。全文采用定性分析法对任意选取的三集进行了分析，揭示了其文

12、体特征，深入地剖析了三集文体特征的相同点和不同点。本文作者得出的结论如下:在语音层面，我们发现快速的节奏和重音的处理为这三集中最明显的文体特征:在字位层面，我们发现逗号的频繁使用、拼写的独特性及括号中标注的动作是这三集的特色;在词汇层面，我们发现单音节、非正式、口语化、动感和具体词语的使用起着举足轻重的作用;在语法/句法层面，我们发现全文中呈压倒之势的简单句的使用和主动语态的使用是其最典型的文体特征;在语篇层面，我们发现这三集都是由序幕、主体、结语三部分组成;在语境层面，我们发现三集的语场、语旨和语式都与前面分析得出的文体特征相吻合。在这里，本文还结合语用学的合作原则和言语行为原则对三集的语境

13、因素进行了分析，发现这三集中对话的运用符合言语行为原则，而经常违反合作原则。关键词:文体学 情景喜剧 语言描述 语篇分析 语境因素分析IntroductionIn recent years, with the prevalence of stylistics, an increasing amount of attention has been attached to the stylistic analysis of given texts, namely detailed exposition of the given texts, such as public speeches, new

14、s reports, literary works, etc. at phonological, graphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic levels respectively. Nevertheless, stylistic analysis of sitcoms one type of conversation in particular, is in great scarcity.It is a plain fact that sitcoms catch the attention of viewers worldwide. Peop

15、le devote huge amount of their free time to them mostly owing to their entertainment effect. To achieve this brilliance, playwrights, actors and actresses alike spend much time manipulating the language employed in the sitcoms. Nevertheless, what cannot bear any of our negligence is that the viewers

16、 tend to be more interested in the individual utterances while ignoring the reason language is expressed this way instead of that way. According to Punch （1998: 4）, research falls into two major categories, namely quantitative research and qualitative research respectively. These two types of resear

17、ch are both empirical research, but there exists a disparity that the former takes number as its form of data while the data form of the latter is not number-based.In this thesis, the author attempts to explore the selected language material employing stylistic analysis.According to Qian Yuan（钱，1991

18、:1），the stylistic analysis of a text involves the description of a writers/speakers verbal choices which can be abstracted as style. In this thesis, stylistic analysis roughly falls into three levels: linguistic description, textual analysis as well as contextual factors analysis. A detailed introdu

19、ction of these three stages will be given in ChapterTwo of this thesis.This thesis is divided into six chapters, with the content of each specified as follows:In Chapter One, an introduction to the thesis will be given. The significance of the research will be pointed out initially, namely theoretic

20、al and practical significance respectively, explaining the imce of the research conducted. This is followed by an introduction of the methodology employed, explaining to readers the definitions of qualitative research and stylistic analysis respectively and how they are used in the research. Eventua

21、lly, the organization of the thesis will be given, informing the readers the detailed content of each chapter.In Chapter Two, literature review will be given. The author attempts to commence from the definition of style and stylistics, introducing the definitions given by different schools and analy

22、zes their respective merits and demerits. Right after this, three major levels of stylistic analysis will be conducted, namely linguistic description, textual analysis and contextual factors analysis. Here, the definitions will be elaborated in detail, telling readers the functions at each level, th

23、us laying a solid foundation1. Literature Review1.1 What is Style and What is Stylistics?1.1.1 StyleWhen associated with Stylistics in meaning, the term style entails at least four commonly occurring senses, which are explicitly distinguished by Crystal and Davy in their book Investigating English S

24、tyle.First and foremost, style may refer to some or all of the language habits of one such as Shakespeares style （or styles） or Mark Twains Style.Secondly, style may refer to some or all the habits shared by a group of people at one time, or over a period of time. For in the style of the Augustan po

25、ets, the style of Old English, Heroic poetry, etc. Thirdly, style is given a more restricted meaning when it is used in an evaluative sense, referring to the effectiveness of a mode of expression. This is implied by such popular definitions of style as saying the right thing in the most effective wa

26、y or good manners, such as a clear or refined style. Last but not least, partly overlapping with the three senses just outlined is the widespread use of the word to refer solely to literary language.Here, the meaning of style in this thesis is closest in meaning to that of the second one mentioned a

27、bove, as the author is attempting to analyze the chosen sitcom from a stylistic perspective, thus to conclude its stylistic characteristics.According to Liu Shisheng（1997: 9-10）, the term style“has as many as 31 definitions some of which are as follows:（1）Style as rhetoric -Gorgias（2） Style as form-Aristotle（3） Proper words in proper places-Swift（4） Style as technique of expo