拓展训练19 历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作Word格式.docx

拓展训练19 历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作Word格式.docx

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Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore，around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel（i.e.2.1birthsperwoman）andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss（especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations），butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.Whatdoesitimply？

First，Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second，ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant，economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.

Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring？

Nobodyisquitesure，butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend，Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.

InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030，asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA，itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover，theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.

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【答案】

Theimpactofdroppingbirthrateinthe21stcenturymaybedisastroustobothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.（要点1）ThispopulationproblemfacingChinawillgreatlyaffectitseconomicgrowth.（要点2）TheearlierdeathofRussianscausedbypeople'

swayoflifewillalsodamageitseconomicfuture.（要点3）Onesolution,likeAmerica,istoincreaseitspopulationthroughimmigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.（要点4）（71words）

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇概要写作题。

文章要求是写一篇60词左右的文章概要。

【详解】

分四个要点：

第一、出生率的下降也许是灾难，因为这样会缺少劳动力。

Theimpactofdroppingbirthrateinthe21stcenturymaybedisastroustobothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.（要点1）

第二、中国要面对的这个人口问题会严重影响其经济增长。

ThispopulationproblemfacingChinawillgreatlyaffectitseconomicgrowth.（要点2）

第三、因为生活方式导致俄罗斯人早死也会导致其经济问题。

TheearlierdeathofRussianscausedbypeople'

swayoflifewillalsodamageitseconomicfuture.（要点3）

第四、一个解决方案就像美国一样增加移民以增加人口数量，这会弥补人口的衰减。

Onesolution,likeAmerica,istoincreaseitspopulationthroughimmigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.（要点4）

【点睛】

使用高级句型如使用现在分词和过去分词作各种成分：

...resultinginlackofyoungworkforce.作结果状语。

problemfacingChina作定语。

causedbypeople'

swayoflife作death的定语。

非限制性定语从句的使用：

...immigration,whichwillcompensateforthedecline.（要点4）

2.阅读下面文章，基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Everycountryintheworldhasaflag.Aflagisapieceofclothwithapictureorpatternonit.Theflagisasymbolthatstandsforthecountry.Itisacustominmany 

placesforpeopletoflyorhangaflag.Theflagtellssomethingaboutthecountryanditsculture.Thismaybeaboutitsland,itshistory,orthethingsthatthepeopledothere.

Manyflagshavepatternsofstripes（条纹）.TheflagofItalyhasagreenstripe,awhitestripeandaredstripe.EachstripetellssomethingaboutItaly.ThewhitestripeissymbolofItaly’ssnowymountains.Someflagsshowpictures.TheflagofCanadahasapictureofaredmaple（枫叶）leaf,whichisasymbolofthemapletreesinCanada.TheMexicanflaghasbothapatternofstripesandapicture.Thepictureshowsaneagleeatingasnake.ThispicturecomesfromaveryoldMexicanstory.

Aflagmayalsotellaboutacountry’spast.TheAmericanflagiscalledtheStarsandStripes.Ithaspatternoffiftystarsandthirteenstripes.Thefiftystarsareasymbolofthefiftystatesinthecountryandthethirteenstripesareasymbolofthecountry’sfirstthirteencolonies（殖民地）.

However,aflagmaybeasymbolofagroup,aschooloraneventliketheOlympics.TheflagoftheOlympicsshowsfiveringsofdifferentcolorsthatconnect.EachringisasymbolforapartoftheworldthatjoinsintheOlympics.TheRedCrossisagroupthathelpspeoplewhoareintrouble.IfapersonseestheRedCrossflag,whichhasaredcrossagainstawhitebackground,heknowshecanaskforhelp.Peoplemayflyaflagasacustomonaholiday.Children’sDayinJapanisaholidaywhenthecountrywishesforchildren’shappiness.Itisacustomonthisdaytoflyaflagwithapictureofafish.

【答案】Allcountriesintheworldhaveaflagwhichservesasasymboloftheirowncountryanditsculture.（要点一）Usually,flagshavepatterns,picturesorbothonthem.（要点二）Sometimes,aflagcanalsotellaboutacountry’shistory.（要点三）However,aflagcanalsobeusedforgroups,schoolsorevents.（要点四）

本篇书面表达属于概要写作。

概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：

确定主题句；

寻找关键词；

重构主题句；

重组支持句。

如本篇文章第一段引出话题：

世界上每个国家都有一面国旗，国旗能反映出这个国家和它的文化；

第二段介绍了国旗的组成元素；

第三指出国旗也可以讲述一个国家的过去；

第四段指出国旗可能是一个团体、一所学校或像奥运会这样的活动的象征。

书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。

概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。

在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。

概要写作时要先读懂原文，提取其中的主干信息，然后用自己的语言对原文的概况进行有条理的介绍，一定不要照抄原文原句，而是用熟悉的单词和句式表达，组成通顺连贯的短文。

同时注意要求的词数60左右的限制。

3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Whenitcomestothequestionofwherecurry（咖喱）,yogaandBollywoodfilmscomefrom,theanswerisdefinitelyIndia,amoderncountrywhichachievedindependenceon15August,1947.AsoneoftheancientcivilizationsIndianculturehasinfluencedandinspiredotherculturesaroundtheworld.

First,Indianfood,especiallyitsrichlyspiceddisheswhicharecalled“curry”outsideIndia,hasbecomeafavoriteallaroundtheworld.MostcountrieshavetheirownversionofIndiancurry.InJapanitisverysweetandinThailandanIndian-stylechickencurryisservedalongsideThaicurries.Inmorecosmopolitancitiesaroundtheworld,youcanbuysamosas,friedsnackswithafillingofvegetables,spicesandsometimesmeat,andnaanbread.

Ifyouhaveeatentoomanysamosasandareworriedaboutyourhealth,tryyoga.ThisisanancientHinduphilosophyandsystemofexercisesoriginatinginIndia.Yogaisnowrecognizedallovertheworldasanintelligentformofexercise.Regularpracticecanhealminorillnesses,changeyourstateofmind,helpyouloseweightorworkyourmuscles.Moreandmoredifferenttypesofyogaarebeingdevelopedandtheoriginalposeshavebeenadaptedtosuitmodernneeds.Yogahasbecomesofashionableworldwidethatalotofcompaniesareusingpicturesofpeopledoingyogatoselltheirproducts!

ButoneofthemostfamousthingsaboutmodernIndiancultureistheIndianfilmindustry,knownasBollywood.Theusualstoryisaboutaboyandagirlwholoveeachotherbuttheirfamiliesdon'

tapprove.Thereisalotofdancingandsinginginthefilmastheboyandgirltrytoconvincetheirfamiliestoletthemmarry.TheincreasinginterestinBollywoodfilmsinspiredAndrewLioydWebbertoproducethemusicalBombayDreams,whichisthefirstIndian-thememusicalshownonBroadway.

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