拓展训练19 历史与地理解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作Word格式.docx

1、Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level （i.e.2.1 births per woman） and almost all developed nations are exper

2、iencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss （especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nations），but youd be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shorta

3、ges of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？First，China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，econo

4、mic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indee

5、d official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends dont bend，Russias population will b

6、e about the size of Yemens by the year 2050.In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in hig

7、hly educated urban areas.In total,25% of Indias working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost unique among developed nations in h

8、aving a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 20102030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result its likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term._【答案】The impact of dropp

9、ing birth rate in the 21st century may be disastrous to both developed and developing countries, resulting in lack of young work force. （要点1） This population problem facing China will greatly affect its economic growth. （要点2） The earlier death of Russians caused by peoples way of life will also dama

10、ge its economic future. （要点3） One solution, like America, is to increase its population through immigration, which will compensate for the decline. （要点4） （71 words）【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作题。文章要求是写一篇60词左右的文章概要。【详解】分四个要点：第一、出生率的下降也许是灾难，因为这样会缺少劳动力。The impact of dropping birth rate in the 21st century may be di

11、sastrous to both developed and developing countries, resulting in lack of young work force. （要点1）第二、中国要面对的这个人口问题会严重影响其经济增长。This population problem facing China will greatly affect its economic growth. （要点2）第三、因为生活方式导致俄罗斯人早死也会导致其经济问题。The earlier death of Russians caused by peoples way of life will al

12、so damage its economic future. （要点3）第四、一个解决方案就像美国一样增加移民以增加人口数量，这会弥补人口的衰减。One solution, like America, is to increase its population through immigration, which will compensate for the decline. （要点4）【点睛】使用高级句型如使用现在分词和过去分词作各种成分：.resulting in lack of young work force.作结果状语。problem facing China作定语。caused

13、by peoples way of life作death的定语。非限制性定语从句的使用：.immigration, which will compensate for the decline. （要点4）2.阅读下面文章，基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。Every country in the world has a flag. A flag is a piece of cloth with a picture or pattern on it. The flag is a symbol that stands for the country. It is a custom in ma

14、nyplaces for people to fly or hang a flag. The flag tells something about the country and its culture. This may be about its land, its history, or the things that the people do there.Many flags have patterns of stripes （条纹）. The flag of Italy has a green stripe, a white stripe and a red stripe. Each

15、 stripe tells something about Italy. The white stripe is symbol of Italys snowy mountains. Some flags show pictures. The flag of Canada has a picture of a red maple （枫叶） leaf, which is a symbol of the maple trees in Canada. The Mexican flag has both a pattern of stripes and a picture. The picture sh

16、ows an eagle eating a snake. This picture comes from a very old Mexican story.A flag may also tell about a countrys past. The American flag is called the Stars and Stripes. It has pattern of fifty stars and thirteen stripes. The fifty stars are a symbol of the fifty states in the country and the thi

17、rteen stripes are a symbol of the countrys first thirteen colonies （殖民地）.However, a flag may be a symbol of a group, a school or an event like the Olympics. The flag of the Olympics shows five rings of different colors that connect. Each ring is a symbol for a part of the world that joins in the Oly

18、mpics. The Red Cross is a group that helps people who are in trouble. If a person sees the Red Cross flag, which has a red cross against a white background, he knows he can ask for help. People may fly a flag as a custom on a holiday. Childrens Day in Japan is a holiday when the country wishes for c

19、hildrens happiness. It is a custom on this day to fly a flag with a picture of a fish.【答案】All countries in the world have a flag which serves as a symbol of their own country and its culture. （要点一） Usually, flags have patterns, pictures or both on them. （要点二） Sometimes, a flag can also tell about a

20、countrys history.（要点三） However, a flag can also be used for groups, schools or events.（要点四）本篇书面表达属于概要写作。概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：世界上每个国家都有一面国旗，国旗能反映出这个国家和它的文化；第二段介绍了国旗的组成元素；第三指出国旗也可以讲述一个国家的过去

21、；第四段指出国旗可能是一个团体、一所学校或像奥运会这样的活动的象征。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。概要写作时要先读懂原文，提取其中的主干信息，然后用自己的语言对原文的概况进行有条理的介绍，一定不要照抄原文原句，而是用熟悉的单词和句式表达，组成通顺连贯的短文。同时注意要求的词数60左右的限制。3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。When it comes to the question

22、 of where curry （咖喱）, yoga and Bollywood films come from, the answer is definitely India, a modern country which achieved independence on 15 August, 1947. As one of the ancient civilizations Indian culture has influenced and inspired other cultures around the world.First, Indian food, especially its

23、 richly spiced dishes which are called “curry”outside India, has become a favorite all around the world. Most countries have their own version of Indian curry. In Japan it is very sweet and in Thailand an Indian-style chicken curry is served alongside Thai curries. In more cosmopolitan cities around

24、 the world, you can buy samosas, fried snacks with a filling of vegetables, spices and sometimes meat, and naan bread.If you have eaten too many samosas and are worried about your health, try yoga. This is an ancient Hindu philosophy and system of exercises originating in India. Yoga is now recogniz

25、ed all over the world as an intelligent form of exercise. Regular practice can heal minor illnesses, change your state of mind, help you lose weight or work your muscles. More and more different types of yoga are being developed and the original poses have been adapted to suit modern needs. Yoga has

26、 become so fashionable worldwide that a lot of companies are using pictures of people doing yoga to sell their products!But one of the most famous things about modern Indian culture is the Indian film industry, known as Bollywood. The usual story is about a boy and a girl who love each other but the

27、ir families dont approve. There is a lot of dancing and singing in the film as the boy and girl try to convince their families to let them marry. The increasing interest in Bollywood films inspired Andrew Lioyd Webber to produce the musical Bombay Dreams, which is the first Indian-theme musical shown on Broadway._