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ItisanironiccommentaryonthisrecordofcontractionthatsimultaneouslyunderNewLabourtheincomeofthetoppeoplehasleaptaheadofthegeneralriseinthepayofworkingpeople.ItisnotsuccessbutfailurethatBritishcapitalismhasbeenrewarding.Itisequallyironicthatitnowseemsthatourpublicsector,includingtheNationalHealthServiceandpartsoftheeducationalsystem,aretobeinjectedmoreandmorewiththefailedmedicineofthebossesfromtheprivatesector.
ItisplainasplaincanbethatcapitalismhasfailedtohaltthedeclineinBritishmanufacturingindustryandthatintheimmediatefuturemanufacturingwillcontinueonthepathofcontraction.Labor’sbookletoftenyearsagocalledforanationalstrategyforthemodernizationofBritishindustry.
Thiswouldnecessarilyinvolveabigincreaseininvestment.Productivitydependsessentiallyonthekindoftoolsandequipmentavailabletothoseemployedinindustryandontheeducation,trainingandskilloftheworkforcefromthehighesttothelowestlevel.Thenecessaryincreaseinindustrialinvestmentwillnotcomefromprivateinitiativeandprivatesources.Taxincentives—andtherehavebeenplentyofthemtohelpprivatecompanies—dolittletoinfluencelong-termpolicythoughtheyhelptostuffthepocketsoftheindustrialfatcats.Thereisnosubstituteforpublicinvestmentandpublicaccountability.
1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthattheLaborpartyandtheConservativePartyweredifferentintheirpolicieson
A.Britain’smanufacturingindustry
B.Theworldeconomy
C.Britain’sindustrialcapacity
D.Internationaltrade
2.IntheLabor’sbooklet,thesentence‘wemanufactureorperish’meansthat
A.Britainshouldupgradeitsmanufacturingindustry.
B.Themanufacturingindustryshouldconvertitself.
C.Britain’seconomywillbedestroyedifwedon’treviveourmanufacturingindustry.
D.Weshouldmanufacturegoodstosupportourselves.
3.Comparedwithtenyearsago,themanufacturingindustryinBritain
A.isstrongerthanitwastenyearsago.
B.employsalargerworkforce.
C.hasmorefactories.
D.isevenworse.
4.AgainstthecontextofslowdowninBritain’smanufacturingindustry,whichofthefollowingindustrysuffersfromdeclineinmarketshare?
A.advertising
B.banking
C.electricalgoods
D.consulting
5.ThemodernizationofBritishindustrywillresultinabigincreasein
A.unemployment
B.privateinvestment
C.governmentinvestment
D.outputofmanufacturing
TheprospectfacingBritishindustryisworsenedbytheeconomicslowdownintheworld’sprincipalcapitalistpowers,theUSA,JapanandGermany.Thepathoftheireconomieshasshownonceagainthatperiodicboomsandrecessionareaninevitablefeatureofaneconomicsystemdominatedbythepursuitofprivateprofit.Itisnotthesatisfactionofhumanneedthatdrivestheeconomybutthemotivationofprofit.‘Effectivedemand’inthevocabularyofeconomistsisthedemandofpeoplewhohavethemoneyandthewillingnesstospend.Allthehugeunsatisfiedbasicwantsofhumanitycountfornothingunlesstheyrepresenta‘marketforce’expressedbythepossessionofanadequateincome.
TothosewhoarguethattheproblemsofBritishindustryareattributableprimarilytotheexchangeratethereisanobviousanswer.Whosets,orattheveryleastinfluences,theexchangerate?
Itisnotsetbydivineintervention.ItisTreasurypolicyandthebankerswhohavethemainshort-terminfluence.Inthelong-termexchangeratesreflectthebalanceoftrade.
ItisnotananswertothedeclineofmanufacturingtourgethatBritainshouldjointheEuro.Thiswouldreduceevenmorethepossibilityofremedialaction.MoreandmoredecisionsaffectingBritishindustrywouldbemadeincreasinglyremotefromaccountabilitytotheBritishpeople.
NewLabourshouldbringtoanenditsmisplacedloveaffairwiththeprivatesector.
6.Theauthorpointsoutthatperiodicboomsandrecessionsaretheinevitablefeaturesof
A.Britain’seconomy
B.theworld’sprincipalcapitalistpowers
C.USA’seconomy
D.Japan’seconomy
7.Intheeconomists’pointofview,whatdrivestheeconomyisthe‘Effectivedemand’,whichisdefinedas
A.humanneeds
B.thebasicwantsoflow-incomers
C.thedemandofpeoplewithadequateincome
D.thedemandofpeoplewithadequateincomeandwillingnesstospend
8.Whichofthefollowingfactorsinfluencetheexchange-rateofacountry?
A.divinepower
B.Treasurypolicyandthebankers
C.thebalanceoftrade
D.B&
C
9.TheproposalthatBritainshouldjointheEuro
A.canhelpBritishmanufacturinggetthroughthedifficulties
B.willnotbearemedyforthesecondarysectoroftheBritisheconomy
C.willenabletheBritishpeopletohavethefinalsayinitsmanufacturingindustry
D.willenhanceBritain’spositionintheEuropeanUnion
10.Theauthorsuggeststhat,thenewLaborpartytodayshould
A.attachgreaterimportancetotheprivatesectorthanthepublicsector
B.increaseinvestmentontheindustry
C.changeitscurrentattitudestowardstheprivatesector
D.ignoretheprivatesector
Ⅱ词汇与结构
11.Asagiantmanufacturingeconomy,Americaisstilltherichestnationintheworld.Therefore,theassumptionthatmanufacturinghasnofutureintheadvancedindustrializedcountriesishighly___.
A.confusingB.untrueC.dubiousD.doubted
12.Themajorityofthepeopleinhabitsintheirownlittleworlds,___ofhowtheyconnectwiththeoutsideworld.
A.obliviousB.unknownC.curiousD.thinking
13.Researchershave___acrossadrugthatmayhelppatientswithParkinson’sdisease.
A.discoveredB.comeC.foundD.stumbled
14.Violenceincreasedto___thatresidentswereafraidtoleavetheirhomes.
A.thepositionthatB.theextentthatC.theresultthatD.thedepththat
15.Themajorityoftheeconomistsholdthatitisimpossibletostopthis___changeinthepatternsofhumanconsumption.
A.hugeB.progressiveC.dramaticD.great
16.Nowadays,peopleincitiesrelyontheminingofcoalorpumpingofoilto___theircars.
A.moveB.fuelC.driveD.use
17.Thedeadlineforsubmittingtheproposalsisdueintwodays,buttheyofferednosolutionforallour___problems
A.greatB.immenseC.myriadD.large
18.Shegavenothoughttoallthis,andneither___occurredhertodosobeforeshecamehere.
A.wouldithaveB.itwouldhaveC.woulditD.ithave
19.Somepeoplebelievethatthemanufacturingindustryindevelopedcountrieswillchange,___itself.
A.adaptB.modifyC.CorrectD.convert
20.Afteracountry’speoplearesupplied___thephysicalsubjectofconsumption,theygoontoconcernabouttheirdesign.
A.forB.toC.withD.about
Ⅲ完形填空
In1998,25-yearoldJohnStewartwas___(21)redundant.Hewasleftwithacompensation___(22)of£5,000andadeterminationtobehisownboss.Asasupporterofhislocalfootballclub,hehadoftenhelpedthembymaintainingandrepairingtheirseating.Henowdecidedtosetuphisowncompanyandmakea___(23)outofhishobby.
Hisfirststepwastoget1,000brochuresprinted,___(24)thetwomainserviceswhichhecould___(25),repairandmaintenance.Hesentthesebrochuresto___(26)andprofessionalfootballclubs,andothersimilar___(27),suchashockeyclubs.
Theweekaftercompletingthemailingwastheworstofhislife.Hehadnoresponsesatall.ThenaletterarrivedfromScotlandinvitinghimtogivea___(28)forapre-seasoncheckofafootballclub’sseating.HearrivedinScotlandinthreehours;
bytheendoftheafternoonhehadsignedthe___(29)todothework.For£500theclubhaditsseatingmadegood,andonarrivinghomethreedayslater,Johnworked___(30)thathehadmadea£250profit.
Thenextfourweekswereextremelybusy,asclubafterclubinvitedJohntoworkforthem.Hepricedeachjobinthesamewayasthefirst,workingoutallthedirect___(31),thenadding100%.Moneystartedto___(32)inandJohnboughtavanandrentedafactoryunitonanindustrialestatenearhishouse.
TheninlateAugustthephonesstoppedringingasthepre-seasonworkdriedup.John___(33)thatheneededlonger-termworkanddecidedtomoveintothemanufactureof