经济学原理 微观 第五版测试题库Word文件下载.docx

经济学原理 微观 第五版测试题库Word文件下载.docx

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1REF:

7-1NAT:

Analytic

LOC:

SupplyanddemandTOP:

WelfareMSC:

Definitional

2.Thewillingnesstopayisthemaximumamountthatabuyerwillpayforagoodandmeasureshowmuchthebuyervaluesthegood.

TDIF:

Willingnesstopay

MSC:

3.Foranygivenquantity,thepriceonademandcurverepresentsthemarginalbuyer'

swillingnesstopay.

2REF:

Interpretive

4.Abuyeriswillingtobuyaproductatapricegreaterthanorequaltohiswillingnesstopay,butwouldrefusetobuyaproductatapricelessthanhiswillingnesstopay.

5.Consumersurplusistheamountabuyeractuallyhastopayforagoodminustheamountthebuyeriswillingtopayforit.

Consumersurplus

6.Consumersurplusistheamountabuyeriswillingtopayforagoodminustheamountthebuyeractuallyhastopayforit.

7.Consumersurplusmeasuresthebenefittobuyersofparticipatinginamarket.

8.Consumersurpluscanbemeasuredastheareabetweenthedemandcurveandtheequilibriumprice.

9.Consumersurpluscanbemeasuredastheareabetweenthedemandcurveandthesupplycurve.

10.Joelhasa1966Mustang,whichhesellstoSusie,anavidcarcollector.Susieispleasedsinceshepaid$8,000forthecarbutwouldhavebeenwillingtopay$11,000forthecar.Susie'

sconsumersurplusis$2,000.

11.IfDarbyvaluesasoccerballat$50,andshepays$40forit,herconsumersurplusis$10.

Applicative

12.IfDarbyvaluesasoccerballat$50,andshepays$40forit,herconsumersurplusis$90.

13.Allelseequal,anincreaseinsupplywillcauseanincreaseinconsumersurplus.

14.Supposethereisanincreaseinsupplythatreducesmarketprice.Consumersurplusincreasesbecause

（1）consumersurplusreceivedbyexistingbuyersincreasesand

（2）newbuyersenterthemarket.

15.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpricefloorinamarket,thentheconsumersurplusinthatmarketwillincrease.

16.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpricefloorinamarket,thentheconsumersurplusinthatmarketwilldecrease.

17.Eachsellerofaproductiswillingtosellaslongasthepriceheorshecanreceiveisgreaterthantheopportunitycostofproducingtheproduct.

7-2NAT:

Opportunitycost

18.Atanyquantity,thepricegivenbythesupplycurveshowsthecostofthelowest-costseller.

19.Inacompetitivemarket,salesgotothoseproducerswhoarewillingtosupplytheproductatthelowestprice.

EfficiencyMSC:

20.Producersurplusistheamountasellerispaidminusthecostofproduction.

Producersurplus

21.Producersurplusisthecostofproductionminustheamountasellerispaid.

22.Allelseequal,anincreaseindemandwillcauseanincreaseinproducersurplus.

23.Allelseequal,adecreaseindemandwillcauseanincreaseinproducersurplus.

24.IfproducingasoccerballcostsJake$5,andhesellsitfor$40,hisproducersurplusis$45.

25.IfproducingasoccerballcostsJake$5,andhesellsitfor$40,hisproducersurplusis$35.

26.Conniecancleanwindowsinlargeofficebuildingsatacostof$1perwindow.Themarketpriceforwindow-cleaningservicesis$3perwindow.IfConniecleans100windows,herproducersurplusis$100.

27.Conniecancleanwindowsinlargeofficebuildingsatacostof$1perwindow.Themarketpriceforwindow-cleaningservicesis$3perwindow.IfConniecleans100windows,herproducersurplusis$200.

28.Theareabelowthepriceandabovethesupplycurvemeasurestheproducersurplusinamarket.

29.Theareabelowthedemandcurveandabovethesupplycurvemeasurestheproducersurplusinamarket.

30.Ifthegovernmentimposesabindingpriceceilinginamarket,thentheproducersurplusinthatmarketwillincrease.

31.Whendemandincreasessothatmarketpriceincreases,producersurplusincreasesbecause

（1）producersurplusreceivedbyexistingsellersincreases,and

（2）newsellersenterthemarket.

32.Totalsurplusinamarketisconsumersurplusminusproducersurplus.

7-3NAT:

Totalsurplus

33.Totalsurplus=Valuetobuyers-Coststosellers.

34.Totalsurplusinamarketcanbemeasuredastheareabelowthesupplycurveplustheareaabovethedemandcurve,uptothepointofequilibrium.

35.ProducingasoccerballcostsJake$5.HesellsittoDarbyfor$35.Darbyvaluesthesoccerballat$50.Forthistransaction,thetotalsurplusinthemarketis$40.

36.Theequilibriumofsupplyanddemandinamarketmaximizesthetotalbenefitstobuyersandsellersofparticipatinginthatmarket.

37.Efficiencyreferstowhetheramarketoutcomeisfair,whileequalityreferstowhetherthemaximumamountofoutputwasproducedfromagivennumberofinputs.

Efficiency|Equality

38.Efficiencyisrelatedtothesizeoftheeconomicpie,whereasequalityisrelatedtohowthepiegetsslicedanddistributed.

39.Freemarketsallocate（a）thesupplyofgoodstothebuyerswhovaluethemmosthighlyand（b）thedemandforgoodstothesellerswhocanproducethematleastcost.

40.Economistsgenerallybelievethat,althoughtheremaybeadvantagestosocietyfromticket-scalping,thecoststosocietyofthisactivityoutweighthebenefits.

41.Economistsarguethatrestrictionsagainstticketscalpingactuallydriveupthecostofmanytickets.

42.IftheUnitedStateslegallyallowedforamarketintransplantorgans,itisestimatedthatonekidneywouldsellforatleast$100,000.

43.Eventhoughparticipantsintheeconomyaremotivatedbyself-interest,the"

invisiblehand"

ofthemarketplaceguidesthisself-interestintopromotinggeneraleconomicwell-being.