ExpositionWord格式文档下载.docx

ExpositionWord格式文档下载.docx

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Whatanxiousvisionshaunt（萦绕）thepersonwhothinkstoomuchaboutthefuture?

Hemayenvision（想象，幻想）thehorriblemushroomcloud;

theearthshrivelingfromtheradiation;

theoverpopulated,abusedearthgonedead.Hemayimaginehisownlifegoingawry（出错，失误），appointmentsmissed;

advancementsgiventosomeoneelse;

hishouseburnedtotheground;

hislovelost;

everythinginhislifeasinanightmare,slippingawayfromhim.Thereisnoendtothedisastersapersoncanworryaboutwhenhefocusesanxiouslyonthefuture.Thereareeventsinhisfuture,includinghisowndemise（死亡，终结）,overwhichhehaslittleornocontrol,buthecanruinhislifeworryingaboutthem.Therearesomedisastershemaybeabletoprevent,buthemustdothatbylivingwellinthepresent,notsimplybyworryingaboutthefuture.

Thepresentmoment,whichisevennowmovingintothepast,istherealityIknow,andIdon’twanttomissit.Thewild-cherrycoughdropdissolvinginmymouthissweetandsoothing.Evenmysorethroatandback-achehavemeaning.Thecoolnightair,thecracklingnoiseofmyfurnace,mycatyawningandstretching—thesearethetangible有形的）realitiesIcanrecognize.Theyexistinthismoment,togetherwithmyownbreathing,thewarmlampoverhead,thejerkingofmytypewriter.Amongwiththesearetherealitiesofotherpeopleandofalllifeonthisearth,whichmatterstomenow,notatsomepastorfuturetime.

Everyoneneedsasenseofhistory,Ithink,particularlyafeelingforhisownroots,buthistoryneedstokeepitsdistancetobeappreciated.Itisalsovitaltohavesomesenseofdirection,whichmeansmakingplansforthefuturebutnotbecomingpreoccupiedwiththem.Whatismostimportant,Ibelieve,islivinginthepresent,thatis,beingalivenow.

Questions;

1.Findoutthethesisstatementandtellwhetherthethesisisemphasizedornot?

2.Howdoestheessayend?

Doesitgiveyouasenseacompletion?

3.Whatstrategydoesituse?

7.BigIdeasinSmallWords（Example）

InEnglish,mostoftenshortwordsareasgoodaslongones,andsimplewordslike“brightsun,”“freshair,”and“sweethome”arebestofall.Thoughsmall,thesewordscanmeetourneedswithgrace,charmandstrength,andcancastaclearlighton（expressclearly）bigthingslike:

warandpeace,loveandhate,andlifeanddeath.

AshasbeensaidinTHEMIRACLEOFLANGUAGEbyRichardLederer,manyofthepithy（terseandforcible）proverbsuseverysimplewordsintheexpressionofexcellentideas,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway”,“Romewasnotbuiltinaday”,“Twoheadsarebetterthanone”,tonameonlyafew.

Manyoftheancientpoetsandoratorsrecognizedthepowerofsmallwordsinmakingastraightlinebetweentwominds.Severalhundredyearsago,WilliamShakespeareusedsmallsimplewordsinhisplayKINGLEAR.“Andmypoorfoolishang’d!

No,no,nolife!

Whyshouldadog,ahorse,arathavelife,andthounobreathatall?

…”

IntheBible,withwhichmanyEnglishspeakersarefamiliar,theshortwordswhichdescribethebeginningofhumanlifesoundlikethis:

AndGodsaid,Lettherebelight,andtherewaslight.AndGodsawthelight,thatitwasgood.

ModerngreatleadersorpoetshavealsobeenusingsimpleEnglishwordsintheirspeechesorwritings.DuringWordWarIIwhenHitlerwasnearlyoccupyingthewholeofEurope,andmanypeoplethoughttheendofmankindwasdrawingnear,WinstonChurchillrespondedinhisringingwords:

“let’sfightbythesea,land,andair,withallourmightandwithallthestrengththatGodcangiveus.”Atit-for-tat（针锋相对）strugglewasforged（carriedonsteadily）,andHitlerwasdefeated.Andnowlet’shearwhatRobertFrostsaidinhispoemTHEDEATHOFTHEHIREDMAN,“Homeistheplacewhere,whenyouhavetogothere,theyhavetotakeyouin.”Evenmoretersewordsareprobablytentwo–letterwordsbyWilliamH.Johnsonwhenhedescribedhissecretofsuccess,“Ifitistobe,itisuptome.”

Manyofustendtouselongwordstospeakourminds,iftheysayjustwhatwewant,that’sokay.Butifbigwordsmakethewaydarkforthosewhohearwhatwesayandreadwhatwewrite,wemightaswellasusesmallwords.Likefastfriends,theywon’tletusdown.

Questionsforstudy:

1.Howdoesthewriteropentheessay?

2.Whatisthetopicsentenceofparagraph2?

3.WhydoesthewriterciteShakespeareandtheBible?

4.Howmanyexamplesaregiveninparagraph5andhowdifferenttheexamplesinthisparagraphfromtheonesinparagraph4?

Whatpointisthewritermakingbygivingthemanyexamples?

Aretheyrelevant?

8.IndividualismandCollectivism（comparisonandcontrast）

America’sindividualistculturespringsfroma2,000yearstraditionofRomanandGreekarts,philosophyandgovernment,aswellasthemoralandlegaltraditionsofChristianity.Bycontrast,China’sculture,includingitsarts,philosophy,andgovernmentisrootedintheConfucianethic,Taoism,Buddhism,andmorerecently,ChineseSocialism.

（rootsofAmericanindividualismandtheChinesecollectivism）

Americanindividualism（“me”ism）andChinesecollectivism（“we’ism）arepolesapart.Formillennia,millionsofChinesehavecopedwithlimitedlandandresources.EconomicandsocialimperativescoupledwithConfucian,BuddhistandTaoistethics,haveconstrainedChinesetosubordinateindividualgoalstosocietalneeds.CenturiesofcollectiveculturemadesomeofChinesesocialismhistoricallyinevitable.

（thecausesforChinesecollectivism）

Bycontrast,itisobviouswhyAmericansarethemostindividualistpeopleonearth.Merecenturiesago,Europeanssettledavast,relativelyunpopulatedcontinent,wheretheyenjoyedunprecedentedfreedomandopportunityastheirgovernmentmobilizedthemtosettlethefrontier.ThoughAmerica’sfrontiershavevanished,thefrontiermentalityofindividualismremainstheemotionalandphilosophicalcornerstoneofAmericanculture.

（thecausesoftheAmericanindividualism）

Individualismandcollectivismpermeate（penetrate）everyaspectofEasternandWesternculture,influencingAmericanandChineseeconomics,politics,moralsandvalues,andespeciallycommunicationpatterns.Thisisimportant,forresearchhasprovedthatthenumberonecauseoffailureininternationalbusinessandrelationsisnoteconomicsorevenbusinessbutcross-culturalcommunication.Andcultureisoftentheculpritbehindthemiscommunication.

（thesignificanceofknowingaboutdifferencesbetween……..）

9.PeopleontheSlopes（classification）

WhenIfirstlearnedtoski,Iwasamazedbytheshapeswhowhizzedbymeandslippeddowntrailsmarkedonlybyablackdiamondsignifying“mostdifficult,”whileotherscareenedawkwardlydownthe“bunnyslopes.”Theseskiers,Idiscovered,couldbedividedintodistinctcategories—formyownentertainmentandforthepurposeoffindingappropriateskiingpartners.

Firstarethepoeticskiers.Theyglidedownthemountainsidesilentlywithwhatseemslikenoeffortatall.Theyfloatfromsidetosideontheintermediateslopes,theirkneesbentperfectlyaboveparallelskis,whiletheirsharpskillsallowthemtobypassslowerskierswithsafelyexecutedturnsatremarkablespeeds.

Thecrazyskiersalsogetdownthemountainquickly,butwithalotmorenoiseattendingtheirdescend.Ateveryhill,theyyellaloud“Yahoo!

”Andslamtheirskisintothesnow.Thesego-for-brokeathletesalwayswhizbyfasterthaneveryoneelse,andtheyespeciallyseemtolovethecrowdedrunswheretheycanslideoverthebacksofotherpeople’sskis.Ioftenfindcrazyskiersinmangledmessesatthebottomsofsteephills,wheretheyareyellingloudly,butnotthefamous“Yahoo!

”

Afterbeingoverwhelmedbythecrazyskiers,Iamalwaysgladtofindotherskierslikemyself:

theaverageones.Wearepoliteontheslopes,concentrateonimprovingourtechniquewitheveryrun,andskithebeginnerslopesonlyatthebeginningofthedaytowarmup.Wegoovermoguls（smallhills）muchmorecautiouslythanthecrazyorpoeticskiers,butstillseekadventurewithaslightjumportwoaday.Weremainasilentmajorityonthemountain.

Belowusintalent,butmuchmoreevidentonthemountainside,arewhatIcalleternalbeginners.Theseskierssticktothesamebeginnerslopealmosteveryrunofeverydayduringtheirvacation.Shouldtheyventureontoanintermediateslope,theyquicklyassumethesnowplowposition（apigeon-toedstance）andneverleaveit.Eternalbeginnersweavefromonesideoftheruntotheotherandhardlyeverfall,becausetheyprocesssoslowly;

however,theydoyellquiteabitatcrazieswholiketorunoverthebacksoftheirskis.

Having