电器电子专业英文翻译.docx

电器电子专业英文翻译.docx

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电器电子专业英文翻译

Preface

Duringtheearlyyearsofmicroprocessors,therewerefewengineerswitheducationandexperienceintheapplicationsofmicroprocessortechnology.Nowthatmicroprocessorsandmicrocontrollershavebecomepervasiveinsomanydevices,theabilitytousethemhasbecomealmostarequirementformanytechnicalpeople.

Todaythemicroprocessorandthemicrocontrollerhavebecometwoofthemostpowerfultoolsavailabletothescientistandengineer.Microcontrollershavebeenembeddedinsomanyproductsthatitiseasytooverlookthefactthattheygreatlyoutnumberpersonalcomputers.MillionsofPCsareshippedeachyear,butbillionsofmicrocontrollersshipannually.Whileagreatdealofattentionisgiventopersonalcomputers,thevastmajorityofnewdesignsareforembeddedapplications.ForeveryPCdesigner,therearethousandsofdesignersusingmicrocontrollersinembeddedapplications.Thenumberofembeddeddesignsisgrowingquickly.Thepurposeofthisbookistogivethereaderthebasicdesignandanalysisskillstodesignreliablemicrocontrollerormicroprocessorbasedsystems.TheemphasisinthisbookisonthepracticalaspectsofinterfacingtheprocessortomemoryandI/Odevices,andthebasicsofinterfacingsuchadevicetotheoutsideworld.

Amajorgoalofthisbookistoshowhowtomakedevicesthatareinherentlyreliablebydesign.Whilealotofattentionhasbeengivento“qualityimprove-ment,”themajorityoftheemphasishasbeenplacedontheprocessesthatoccurafterthedesignofaproductiscomplete.Designdeficienciesareasig-nificantproblem,andcanbeexceedinglydifficulttoidentifyinthefield.Thesetypesofqualityproblemscanbeaddressedinthedesignphasewithrelativelylittleeffort,andwithfarlessexpensethanwillbeincurredlaterintheprocess.Unfortunately,therearemanyhardwaredesignersandorganiza-tionsthat,forvariousreasons,donotunderstandthesignificanceandex-penseofanunreliabledesign.Thedesignmethodologypresentedinthistextisintendedtoaddressthisproblem.

Learningtodesignanddevelopamicrocontrollersystemwithoutanypracticalhands-onexperienceisabitliketryingtolearntorideabikefromreadingbook.Thus,anothergoalistoprovideapracticalexampleofacompleteworkingproduct.Whatappearseasyonpapermayproveextremelydifficultwithoutsomerealworldexperienceandsomepotentiallypainfulcrashes.

Inordertodoitright,it’sbesttoexamineandusearealdesign.Ontheotherhand,thecurrentstateofthetechnology（surfacemountedpackaging,etc.）canmakethepracticalsideproblematic.Inordertoaddressthisproblem,aspecialeducationalSystemDevelopmentKitisavailabletoaccompanythisbook（8031SDK）.AllthedocumentationtoconstructanSDKisavailableonthecompanionCD-ROM.Thisinfo,alongwithupdatedinformationandapplicationexamples,isalsoavailableonthewebsiteforthisbook:

AlltheinformationneededtobuildtheSDKisavailablethere,aswellasinformationonhowtoordertheSDKassembled

andtested.

WhilesearchingforanappropriatetextforoneofthecoursesIteachinembeddedcomputerengineering,Iwasunabletolocateabookthatcoveredthetopicadequately.Anearlierversionofthisbookwaswrittentoaccom-panythatcourseandhassinceevolvedintowhatyouseehere.ThecourseisofferedattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoExtendedStudies,andistitled“EmbeddedControllerHardwareDesign.”Thesamecoursesmayalsobetakeninanon-lineformatusingtheInternet,andcanbefoundatThegoalsofthecourseandthebookareverymuchthesame:

todescribetherightwaytodesignembeddedsystems.

Whilenopriorknowledgeofmicrocontrollersormicroprocessorsisrequired,thereadershouldalreadybefamiliarwithbasicelectronics,logic,andbasiccomputerorganization.Chapteroneisintendedasareviewofthosebasicconcepts.Nextthereisageneraloverviewofmicrocontrollerarchitecture,andaspecificmicrocontrollerchiparchitecture,the8051family,isintroducedanddetailed.The8051waschosenbecauseitcanbeinterfacedtoexternalmemory,hassimpletimingspecs,iswidelyusedandavailablefromanumberofmanufacturers.Theconceptsofworst-casedesignandanalysisaredescribedalongwithtechniquesforhardwareinterfacing.Agoodembeddeddesignrequiresfamiliaritywiththeunderlyingmemorytechnology,includingROM,SRAM,EPROM,FlashEPROM,EEPROMstoragemechanismsanddevices.Theprocessorbusinterfaceisthencoveredingeneralform,alongwithanintroductiontothe8051’sbusinterface.Mostembeddeddesignscanalsobenefitfromtheuseofuserprogrammablelogicdevices（PLD）.Thissubjectistoocomplexforin-depthcoveragehere,soPLDtechnologyiscoveredfromarelativelyhighlevel.Thecentralthemeofdesigninganembeddedsystem