理学计算机英语教案精品文档Word下载.docx
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code,encode
∙prototype
∙integrator;
integrate:
使成整体,使一体化,求...的积分,结合;
integrated
∙patent:
专利
∙processor:
处理器,microprocessor,process,
∙programstorage:
程序存储器
∙memory:
内存;
vsstorage:
外存,或者指二者,存储器
∙paper-tapereader
∙transistor
∙versatilelogicalelement:
通用逻辑元件
∙second-generationcomputer
∙integratedcircuits,IC
∙microprocessor,chip,microchip,microcomputer,minicomputer
∙large-scaleintegratedcircuit,LSI;
verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit,VLSI
∙toreturn:
【插入语】,言归正传
∙switching:
开关、转换、交换、配电、配单系统、整流
∙switch:
开关、电闸;
转换(n/v);
交换机
∙cycle:
周期、循环
∙graphics:
图形,图形学
∙symbol:
符号、标识、象征
∙binary、decimal、hex十六进制、hexadecimal十六进制的、octal八进制的;
bit、byte
review:
穿孔卡片、分析机、搜索引擎、输入流、模拟计算机、真空管、晶体管、集成电路、大规模集成电路、超大规模集成电路、内存、通用逻辑元件、微处理器、微芯片、二进制、计算机图形学
∙instructionset:
指令集合
Q:
Giveadescriptionofhistoryofcomputer/computer’sdevelopmentfromthehistoricalpointofview
∙regardlessof:
不管、不顾、不注意
∙performance:
性能
∙microcomputer(desktop/laptop/notebook/palmtop、workstation/server)、minicomputer、mainframe、supercomputer
∙CPU:
centralprocessingunit中央处理器
∙Input/outputdevices:
peripheraldevices/externaldevices:
输入输出设备、外围设备
∙Memorystoragedevices:
存储设备
∙Bus:
总线
Q1:
Howmanytypesofmoderncomputers/classifythemoderncomputers
Q2:
Whataretheelementscomposingacomputersystem?
∙specialized/dedicatedcomputer:
专用计算机
∙general-purposecomputer:
通用计算机
∙ROM:
read-onlymemory;
RAM:
randomaccessmemory
∙embeddedsystem、embeddedcomputersystem:
嵌入式
∙built-in:
内置的,内部的
∙applicationprogram:
应用程序
∙microminiaturization:
微小型化,超小型化
∙superconductivity:
超导性
∙effort:
努力;
尽力;
成果
∙merit:
优点,价值,功绩;
值得,应得
∙AI:
artificialintelligence:
人工智能
Artificialintelligence(AI)istheintelligenceofmachinesandthebranchofcomputersciencethataimstocreateit.Textbooksdefinethefieldas"
thestudyanddesignofintelligentagents,"
whereanintelligentagentisasystemthatperceivesitsenvironmentandtakesactionsthatmaximizeitschancesofsuccess.JohnMcCarthy,whocoinedthetermin1956,definesitas"
thescienceandengineeringofmakingintelligentmachines."
∙Parallel-processingcomputing:
并行处理计算,manychipstoperformseveraldifferenttasksatthesametime.
∙Distributedcomputing/Distributedandparallelcomputing/grid/cloudcomputing:
分布式计算、分布式和并行计算、网格、云计算
∙neuralnetwork:
神经网络:
mimicsthearchitectureofthenervoussystem.
∙Architecture:
体系结构
∙Networking:
联网
∙Internet/computernetworks/communicationsystem
∙Cable:
电缆。
Sometypesoftransmissionmediaincludingtwistedpair,coaxialcableandopticalfiber,whichareusedinwiretransmission.Otherssuchaslightandradiowavesareusedforwirelessnetwork:
双绞线、同轴电缆、光纤
∙Opticalcomputer:
光计算机
∙Pulse:
脉冲
Q:
talkaboutsth.aboutthefuturedevelopmentofcomputer
ExerciseII
1.artificialintelligence人工智能
2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器
3.opticalcomputer光计算机
4.neuralnetwork神经网络
5.instructionset指令集
6.parallelprocessing并行处理
7.differenceengine差分机
8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件
9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底
10.vacuumtube真空管
11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata
12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit
13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit
14.个人计算机personalcomputer
15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer
16.数字计算机digitalcomputer
17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer
18.处理器芯片processorchip
19.操作指令operatinginstructions
20.输入设备inputdevice
ExerciseIV
∙Speechrecognition:
语音识别
∙Virtualreality:
虚拟现实:
Virtualreality(VR)isacomputer-simulatedenvironment,whetherthatenvironmentisasimulationoftherealworldoranimaginaryworld.Mostcurrentvirtualrealityenvironmentsareprimarilyvisualexperiences,displayedeitheronacomputerscreenorthroughspecialorstereoscopic(有立体感的)displays,butsomesimulationsincludeadditionalsensoryinformation,suchassoundthroughspeakersorheadphones.
∙Contributeto:
捐献,有助于
∙interface:
接口、界面
∙Organism:
生物体,有机体
∙DNA:
deoxyribonucleicoxid:
脱氧核糖核核酸
∙Heredity:
遗传
∙Platform:
平台
∙Strictly:
严格地,确实地
∙Investigate:
调查、审查、研究
微机、个人计算机、台式机、便携式计算机、掌上电脑、服务器、工作站、小型机、大型机、超级计算机、中央处理器、输入输出设备、总线、存储设备、通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式系统、应用程序、人工智能、并行处理计算、神经网络、分布式系统、语音识别、虚拟现实、接口、平台
SectionBWhatIsComputerScience
I.Introduction
ComputerScienceisthestudyofthetheory,experimentation,anengineeringthatformthebasisforthedesignanduseofcomputer.
∙Experimentation:
实验,试验,实验法
∙Engineering:
工程(学):
softwareengineering:
软件工程
∙Programmablemechanicalcalculator:
可编程的机械计算器
∙Distinguish:
区别,辨别
∙Discipline:
纪律,学科;
训练
HowtodefinethedisciplineofComputerScience?
II.Thedevelopmentofcomputerscience
∙Focuson:
集中
∙Theory,theoreticalmodel:
理论模型
∙efficient/efficiency:
有效率的、效率
∙numericalanalysis:
数值分析
∙accuracyandprecisionofcalculation:
计算的准确性和精确性
∙programminglanguage:
编程语言artificiallanguage
∙operatingsystem:
操作系统
∙application:
应用,应用程序,应用软件
∙explore:
探险,探测,探究
∙thought:
思考,想法,思想,思潮,关心,关怀,挂念
∙resultin:
导致
∙explosion:
爆发,发出,爆炸,
∙inaneffortto:
inorderto+努力的意思,为了
∙drive:
驾车,驱动器,快车道,推进力,驱使,动力,干劲,击球;
driver:
驱动程序
∙frontier:
边界;
边境,新领域
∙pioneer:
开拓;
为…开路;
作先驱者
∙complex,reliable,powerful
∙behave:
举动,举止,运转,行为表现
∙becomeanincreasinglyintegralpartof:
日益成为基本组成部分
∙underlie:
位于...之下,成为...的基础
∙specific:
详细而精确的,明确的,特殊的,特效的,
III.Theoryandexperiment
∙Engineer:
工程师;
设计,策划
∙Theory-driven:
理论驱动
∙Softwareengineering:
软件工程
Review:
软件工程、数值分析、编程语言、操作系统、接口、应用程序、驱动程序
IVMajorbranchesofcomputerscience
∙Softwaredevelopment:
软件开发
∙Computerarchitecture:
计算机体系结构
∙Human-computerinterfacing:
人机接口
∙Artificialintelligence:
1.Softwaredevelopment
∙Programminglanguage:
编程语言
∙Algorithm:
算法:
Inmathematics,computerscience,andrelatedsubjects,analgorithmisaneffectivemethodforsolvingaproblemusingafinitesequenceofinstructions.Algorithmsareusedforcalculation,dataprocessing,andmanyotherfields
∙Retrieve:
检索,retrieval:
检索(名词)
∙forthesakeof:
为了…起见
∙feature:
特征,characteristic,property
∙facilitate:
使容易,使便利,推动,帮助,使容易,促进
∙reliable:
可靠的,reliability:
可靠性
∙robust:
健壮的,robustness:
健壮性
∙softwarelifecycle:
生命周期
∙specification(specs):
规格
∙testing:
测试,Softwaretestingisaninvestigationconductedtoprovidestakeholderswithinformationaboutthequalityoftheproductorserviceundertest.
∙programmaintenance:
程序维护
∙programmingenvironment:
编程环境;
IDE=integrateddevelopmentenvironment:
集成开发环境/IDE=IntegratedDeviceElectronics,集成设备电路
2.Computerarchitecture
∙computerarchitecture:
Incomputerscience,computerarchitectureordigitalcomputerorganizationistheconceptualdesignandfundamentaloperationalstructureofacomputersystem.
∙Architect:
建筑师,设计师;
缔造者;
创造者
∙Imageprocessing:
图像处理
∙Signalprocessing:
信号处理
∙Mechanical:
机械的,mechanism:
机制
∙Optimization:
优化,optimize
3.Artificialintelligence
∙machinelearning:
机器学习。
Machinelearningisascientificdisciplinethatisconcernedwiththedesignanddevelopmentofalgorithmsthatallowcomputerstoevolvebehaviorsbasedonempiricaldata,suchasfromsensordataordatabases.Amajorfocusofmachinelearningresearchistoautomaticallylearntorecognizecomplexpatternsandmakeintelligentdecisionsbasedondata
∙inference:
推理。
Inferenceistheprocessofdrawingaconclusionbyapplyingclues(oflogic,statisticsetc.)toobservationsorhypotheses;
orbyinterpolatingthenextlogicalstepinanintuitedpattern.
∙cognition:
认知
∙knowledgerepresentation:
知识表示
∙problemsolving:
问题解决
∙case-basedreasoning:
基于事例的推理
∙naturallanguageunderstanding:
自然语言理解
∙speechrecognition:
语音识别
∙computervision:
计算机视觉
∙artificialneuralnetwork:
人工神经网络
4.Robotics
∙modeling:
建模
∙planning:
规划,intelligentplanning:
智能规划
∙sensor:
传感器,sensornetwork
∙feedback:
反馈
∙adaptability:
可适应性,adapt,adaptable
5.Human-computerinterfacing
∙correspondto:
对应
∙experimentalevaluation:
实验评价
∙effectiveness:
有效性
∙three-dimensional:
3D
∙visualization:
可视化,visual:
看的,视觉的,形象的,栩栩如生的,visualize:
形象,形象化
V.Connectionofcomputersciencetootherdisciplines
●datastructure:
数据结构
1.artificialneuralnetwork人工神经网络
2.computerarchitecture计算机体系结构
3.robustcomputerprogram健壮的计算机程序
4.human-computerinterface人机接口
5.knowledgerepresentation知识表示
6.数值分析numericalanalysis
7.程序设计环境programmingenvironment
8.数据结构datastructure
9.存储和检索信息storeandretrieveinformation
10.虚拟现实virtualreality
KeywordsofsectionC
●handheld(p18):
手持式计算机、掌上电脑,palmtop
●mobile:
移动的,windowsmobile2003:
用于移动设备的windows操作系统。
●easeofuse(p19):
易用性
●compatibility:
兼容性,incompatibility
●multimedia:
多媒体
●launchprogram:
启动程序
●icon:
图标
●handwriting-recognition(p20):
手写体识别
●characterset:
字符集
●datafield(p21):
数据字段、数据域
●sync:
synchronization(p22):
同步
●module:
模块
●utility(p23):
实用程序
●client:
客户程序;
client/server:
客户/服务器
●attachment(p24):
附件
●webpage:
网页
●browser:
浏览器
●retrieval:
检索
●spreadshee