语言学第四章课后练习Word下载.docx

语言学第四章课后练习Word下载.docx

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NPPP

DetNPNP

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

d.alreadyabovethewindow

PP

QualPNP

alreadyabovethewindow

9.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier（s）,thendrawthetreestructures.

a.Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.

InflP（S）

NPInflVP

VNPPP

DetAPNNonepst

A

APN

Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution

b.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.

InflP（s）

NPInflVP

DetAPNVPP

PNP

DetAPN

Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky

C.Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday.

NPinflVP

DetNpstVNPAdvAdv

Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday

d.Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.

InflP（S）

DetAPNPPVPP

PNPPNP

DetNDetN

Awoodenhutneatthelakecollapsedinthestorm

10.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.

a.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

InflP（=S）

NPＶＰ

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　AuxVNP

N

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

or

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　AuxVNP

b.Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

VPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

OR

NPInflVP

pst

c.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

NPVP

N

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

OR

Infl

nonpst

11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a.YouknowthatIhatewar.

S

NVCP

CS

VNP

YouknowthatIhatewat

OR

NNonpstVCP

b.GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

NVPNP

NPCP

VCS

DetNNPVP

NVNP

DetAN

GerrybelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

c.ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.

NVACP

CS

DetNVNPNP

NDetN

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce

d.Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.

DetNVPCP

VPCS

NVNP

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

12.

a.Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

DetNCPVAP

CSDegP

NN

Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong

Surfacestructure

NPNPInflVP

NNN

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b.Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved.

Deepstructure

NInflVNP

DetNCP

Hebertboughtahouseshelovedthat

NNVNP

Hebertboughtahousethatshelovede

c.Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.

DetNCPVPP

CInflSPNP

NVN

Thegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguistics

NPNPVP

NNVN

Thegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics

13.

a.Wouldyoucometomorrow?

NInflVAdvP

Adv

Youwouldcometomorrow

Surfacestructure

InflNPVP

wouldyouecometomorrow

b.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?

InflVNPPP

NPNP

Helendidbringwhattotheparty

NPCS

NInfl

WhatdidHelenebringetotheparty