语言学第四章课后练习Word下载.docx

1、 NP PP Det N P NP Det N the argument against the proposalsd. already above the window PP Qual P NP already above the window9. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier（s）, then draw the tree structures.a. A crippled passenger landed th

2、e airplane with extreme caution. Infl P（S）NP Infl VP V NP PP Det AP N None pst A AP N A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution b. A huge moon hung in the black sky. Infl P （s） NP Infl VPDet AP N V PP P NP Det AP NA huge moon hung in the black skyC. The man examined his car caref

3、ully yesterday. NP infl VP Det N pst V NP Adv Adv The man examined his car carefully yesterdayd. A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm. Infl P （S） Det AP N PP V PP P NP P NP Det N Det N A wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm10. The following sentences all contain conjoined cat

4、egories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.a. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP（=S）NP Aux V NP N Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsorAux V NPb. Helen put on her clothes and went out. InflP（=S） NP VP VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her

5、 clothes and went outOR NP Infl VP pstc. Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. NP VP N VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P N Mary is fond of literature but （is） tired of statistics OR Infl nonpst11. The following sentences all contain contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a ve

6、rb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a. You know that I hate war. S N V CPC S V NP You know that I hate wat OR N Nonpst V CPb. Gerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.N VP NP NP CP V C S Det N NP VP N V NP Det A N Gerry believe the fac

7、t that Anna flunked the English examc. Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce. N V A CP C S Det N V NP NP N Det N Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce d. The children argued over whether bats had wings. Det N VP CP V P C S N V NP The children argued over whether

8、 bats had wings12. a. The essay that he wrote was excellent. Deep structure CP C S Det N CP V AP C S Deg P N N The essay he wrote that was too long Surface structure NP NP Infl VP N N N The essay that he wrote e was too long b. Hebert bought a house that she loved.Deep structure N Infl V NP Det N CP

9、 Hebert bought a house she loved that N N V NP Hebert bought a house that she loved ec. The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics. Det N CP V PP C Infl S P NP N V N The girl he adores whom majors in linguistics NP NP VP N N V N The girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics 13.a. Would you come tomorrow? N Infl V AdvP Adv You would come tomorrow Surface structure Infl NP VP would you e come tomorrowb. What did Helen bring to the party? Infl V NP PP N P NP Helen did bring what to the party NP C S N Infl What did Helen e bring e to the party