全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考真题汇总Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Theprocessalsoproducesfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications."
(1)Whatcanweknowaboutthepreviouscarboncapturemethods?
A.
Peoplehavetoinjectliquidtothegas.
B.
Thepreviousmethodscanbedoneeasily.
C.
Thepreviousmethodsarenotverypopular.
D.
Peoplehavewidelyacceptedpreviousmethods.
(2)Whatisthespecialpartofthenewmethod?
Itneedselectricitytomaketheprocessefficient.
Itcanbedoneinanykindofcontainer.
Itdoesn'
tneedextremetemperature.
Itcanproducemuchsolidcarbon.
(3)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
Themethodwillmakefossiloildisappear.
Themethodwillinfluencethefutureindustry.
Themethodwillmakedevelopedcountriesmorepowerful.
Themethodwillbeusedtomakenewvehicles.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
HowtochangecarbonintoCO2.
Anewcarboncapturetechnology.
Anewtechnologytogetusefulcarbon.
Australiamakestheworldcleanerthanbefore.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理,优点和对未来工业的影响。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“whichopensupaworldofpossibilities;
itcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles和whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能,可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能,过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中,由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxide”和下文讲述的内容可知,本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.
TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.
JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."
Anindividual'
sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"
headded.
Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."
Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"
hesaid."
Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."
Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"
Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"
saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"
Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"
Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
(1)Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'
sheightinthelastcentury?
Theincreaseinpeople'
sheighthasbeenquickening.
Theincreaseinwomen'
sheightisbiggerthaninmen'
s.
Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
(2)WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
Theytendtolivelonger.
Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.
Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
reversed"
inParagraph5mean?
Sloweddown.
Goneupwards.
Changedtothecontrary.
Cometolifeagain.
(4)WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
Ensurechildren'
spropernutritionandhealthcare.
Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上,伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"
可知,这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高,得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知,身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期,乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加;
以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中,随着身高的下降。
可知,reversed的意思是"
反转"
。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来的几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
可知,他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.(2019•天津)阅读理解
Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?
Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?
Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?
Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.
Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;
whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.
Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.
Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.
Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.
(1)Whathavescientistsdisc