6英语四级考试真题及答案Word文件下载.docx
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Asclericalloadsincreased,"
somethinghadto_____(29),andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,"
saysPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'
sinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_____(30)apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_____(31)thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame_____(32)in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums."
You'
llwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis"
isthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_____(33)withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.
AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_____(34)fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedpatientsalso_____(35)abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.
SectionB
AncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLife
[A]Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?
Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:
AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'
sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.
[B]ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago."
Thereisnoexpiration(失效)dateonwisdom,"
hesays"
Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(诡辩).ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday."
Examineyourlife
[C]Soupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato'
sobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."
TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),"
hesays."
Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships."
Stopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrol
[D]Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRule:
Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol."
TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,"
hesays."
AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan."
[E]So,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol."
IcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample."
Hesays."
Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrol."
Seektruepleasure
[F]Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdon'
tqualifyastruefriendships."
JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend."
Soupiossays."
Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers."
[G]Inourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放纵)andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.
[H]"
ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans."
Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure."
Dogoodtoothers
[I]Othergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(发迹的)fool.Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.
[J]"
ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,"
Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheword'
sgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritualwound."
[K]Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleforagoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.
[L]"
ThisisAesop,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships."
IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment."
[M]Soupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifeworthliving.
toanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.
Philosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.
allyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.
canliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.
doerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.
toachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.
Soupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.
philosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.
wiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.
harmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.
SectionC
PassageOne
Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.
Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'
tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'
dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.
Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.
Actually,thisisn'
tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.
Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.
Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwith thosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.
Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscars