绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响外文文献翻译中英对照.docx

绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响外文文献翻译中英对照.docx

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绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响外文文献翻译中英对照

绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响外文文献翻

译—中英对照

毕业论文外文资料翻译题目绿色贸易壁

垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响

学院经济学院

专业国际经济与贸易

班级国贸0712

学生李聪敬

学号20072205031

指导教师刘玉刚

二?

一一年四月二十二日

JournalofEconomicSurveys,2006,11:

24-25・

GreenBarriersTradeanditsInfluencesonChins'sForeignTradeThomasJ・Sargent

ABSTRACTInrecentyears,greenconsumptionhasbecomeamaintrendoftheconsumptioninmanydevelopedcountriesandthesecountriesbegantomakestrictstandardstorestricttheentryofforeignproductsbelowtheirstandardsofenvironmentalprotection.

Keywords:

GreenBarriers;products;Trade

Inrecentyears,greenconsumptionhasbecomeamaintrendoftheconsumptioninmanydevelopedcountriesandthesecountriesbegantomakestrictstandardstorestricttheentryofforeignproductsbelowtheirstandardsofenvironmentaiprotection.Theseregulationshavemanyunfavorableinfluencesontheexportofdevelopingcountriesandaregenerallyknownas，zGreenBarrierstotrade'"・InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheAgreementonGreenBarrierstoTradeofWTO,，zGreenBarrierstoTrade"isdefinedasthecompulsoryandarbitraryGreenregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresoftheimportingcountriesinthenameoftheprotectionofhumanhealthandenvironmentthatactuallyformbarrierstotradewithanaimtoprotectitshomemarketanddomesticproducts・

1・AnalysisonthecausesofformationofGreenTradeBarriers^Firstly,theworseningofecologyisthemajorreasonfor"GreenBarriers^・Withthedevelopmentofindustryandtechnology,theeconomyincreasesveryfastandthehumanlifehasbeenimproved・Butatthesametime,thedevelopmentofeconomyisatacostofthedestructionofenvironment・Theenvironmentalproblemshavearousedpublicattentionandtheinternationalsocietyhasbeguntomakelawstoprotectenvironment・InJune,1972,theUnitedNationspublishedtheStockholmDeclarationandstressedtheimportanceoftheprotectionofenvironment・Fromthenon,moreandmorepeopleconcernabouttheenvironmentalproblems・Theconceptofenvironmenthasinfluencedthelifeofhumankindsineverylayerandthedevelopedcountriesbegantomakeverystrict

environmentalprotectionrulesunderthepressureofpublic,whichformsabarriertotheinternationaltrade・

Secondly,thedifferencesbetweencountriesintechnology,environmentalstandardsandinvestmentdirectlycausethe"GreenTradeBarriers^・Asweknow,developedcountriessurpassthedevelopingcountriesinscienceandtechnologyEveniftheymakeverystrictenvironmentalstandards,theirdomesticproductscanreachtherequirementsofstrictenvironmentalstandardswhilesuchstandardsmayconstitutebarrierstoproductsfromdevelopingcountries・Infact,thesestandardsmaybecomediscriminationsagainstproductsfromthedevelopingcountriesandconstituteameansofarbitraryorunjustifiablediscriminationbetweencountry.

Thirdly,theriseofprotectionisminsomedevelopedcountriescontributesmuchtotheformationofGreenbarriers・Inmodernmarketeconomy,competitionismoreseverethanbefore・Thedomesticindustriesaredirectlyfacingcompetitionfromtheproductsofothercountries,andtheywillurgetheirgovernmentstotakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemfromtheforeignproductsWhilebecauseofthemultilateralnegotiationsofWTO,thetariffshavebeengreatlycutdownandtheuseofnon-tariffmeasureshasalsobeenrestricted・Therefore,manydevelopedcountrieshavetoresorttosomelegalrestrictionsof

importationsuchasGreenbarrierstoprotecttheirhomeindustries,whichgivesrisetotheincreaseofGreenbarriers・

2.ThemainformsofGreenbarrierstrade

InaccordancewiththerelatedprovisionsofWTOAgreementonGreenBarrierstoTrade,theGreenbarriersareusuallyintheformsasfollows:

GreenTariff

Somedevelopedcountrieswouldimposeimportsurtaxonproductsthatmaycausepollutionorharmstotheenvironment・Ifsuchmeasureisabused,itwillconstituteaGreenbarriertotrade・

GreenStandards

GreenstandardsrefertothosecompulsoryGreenstandardsprovided

throughlegislation.Withtheirsuperiorityineconomyandtechnology,

developedcountries

considerationonthe

Greenstandardswill

developingcountries

tendtomakehigherGreenstandardswithno

interestsofthedevelopingcountries・Suchhighinfactconstituteabarriertotheproductsfromwhichareinferiorintechnology.

2.3PackageRequirements

Certaindevelopedcountriesstresstoomuchontheprotectionof

environmentandrequiretheproductsshouldbepackedwithmaterialsthatwillhavenoharmtotheenvironment・Iftheproductsarenotpackedinthisway,theywillnotbeallowedtosellinthedevelopedcountries・Ifsuchrequirementsareunnecessarilystrict,theywillbeabarriertotheinternationaltrade・

2.4Sanitaryandquarantineinspectionsy