国际实物配送outcome2文档格式.docx

国际实物配送outcome2文档格式.docx

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2.largequantities.

3.longdistance

1.slowest

2.vulnerabletobadweather

3.lesspunctual

4.highrisk

Air

1265

253

4hours

1.improveefficiencyoperations

2.increasesecurity

3.useinformationtechnology

4.fasterspeed

1.hightotalcost

2.theweightlimit

3.nottoofarfromtheairport

Rail

1275

51

2days

1.largecapacity

2.relativelypunctual

3.economical

4.relativelyhighspeed

5.lesspronetointerruptionsbyproowether

1.confinedtorailroad

2.lessflexible

Directroad

1350

67.5

3days

1.betterforshort-shipped

2.flxibleandconvenient

1.smallcapacity

2.hightransportcost

3.highrateofgoodsdamage

4.disruptedbyweather

Multi-mode

1185

47.4

7daysand18hours

1.reducehandingofcargo

2.permitdoor-to-doorservice

3.reducetheriskofpilferagewithsubsequentsavingsoninsurancepremiums

4.quickertransittimes

5.enablethequotationofthroughratestothedistance

1.investmentcostarehigh

2.notallcargoissuitableforcontainersation

TheExplanationofData

Sea:

thetotalcostis£

620,thisisbecauseoftheseatransportis40ftcontainercarrying25palletsandthepriceis£

620percontainer. 

Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

620/25=£

24.8.Thetransittimeis7daysinthebasicdata.

Air:

1265,thisisbecauseoftheairwillbebyairplanecargohold,atmaximumoffivepalletandthepriceis£

1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

1265/5=£

253.Thetransittimeis4hours.

Rail:

Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£

1275/25=£

51.Thetransittimeis2days.thetotalmodecostis£

1275,thisisduetothattherailtransportwillbeby40ftcontainercarrying25pallets,thusthepriceis£

1275.

Directroad:

thetotalmodecostequalto£

1350,thepriceis£

1350perflatbedcontainerlorryandthedirectroadwillbebycurtainsiderigidlorrycarrying20pallets.Thusthetotalmodecostis£

1350.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

1350/20=£

67.5,thetransmittimeis3days.

Multi-mode:

firstofall,thepriceis£

125fromtheMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalata,addtheseamode£

620andtherailcost£

295,then,addtheroadformCoatbridgeRailporttoKirriemuirBottling,thecostis£

145.ThusTotalmodecost=£

125+£

620+£

295+£

145=£

1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£

1185/25=£

47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£

1185.

Technicalreport2---Consignmentdeliveryterms

Table-Incotermsandtheirdefinition

Initial

Incoterm

Description

EXW

ExWorks（namedplaceofdelivery）

Thebuyerisresponsibleforuploading.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremisesonthedatagreetupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.

FCA

FreeCarrier（namedplaceofdelivery）

Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodstoanamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherethecarrieroperates.Costfortransportationandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarrier.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedthegoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedintradeterms,theword“free”meansthesellerhasanobligationtodelivergoodstoanamedplacefortransfertocarrier.

CPT

CarriagePaidto（namedplaceofdestination）

Theriskofdamageorlosstothegoodsbeingtransportedistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerassoonasthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.Thesellerisresponsibleonlyforarrangingfreighttothedestination,andnotforinsuringthegoodsshipmentwhenitisbeingtransported.Ithasbeendesignedtosuittheneedsofmodembusiness.

CIP

CarriageandInsurancePaidto（namedplaceofdestination）

Itreferstothatthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrierorfirstcarrierandpayforthecarriageofgoodsuptothenamedplaceofdestination.Meanwhile,thesellermustobtaintheinsuranceforthegoodswhileittransit.Afterthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrier,theriskwilltransmittobuyer.

DAT

DeliveredatTerminal（namedplaceofdestination）

Itmeansthesellercoversallthecostsoftransportsuchastheexportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges.meanwhile,itmustassumesallriskuntildestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange.Importduty/taxes/customscostsaretobebornebyBuyer.Theriskistransmittobuyerwhenthebuyercontrolthegoods.

DAP

Deliveredatplace（namedplaceofdestination）

Referstothesellertoshipthegoodswithinthespecifieddestination,needtoprepareforunloadingwithoutunloadingthecompletedeliverytermreferringtothearrivalofvehiclesincludingships,includingdestinationport,thesellershallbearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsshippedtothespecifieddestinationandcharges（exceptimportcharges）thistermappliestoanymodeoftransportationandmilti-modetransportbysea.

DDP

DeliveredDutyPaid（namedplaceofdestination）

ItmeanstheSellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Whenthesellercompletethedeliverinthenamedplaceofdestination,therisktransmittobuyer.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer

Explanation:

Incoterms2010 

istheeighthsetofpre-definedinternationalcontracttermspublishedbythe 

InternationalChamberofCommerce.Itinclude11terms,suchastheEXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DATandDDP.Thesetermsimprovetheefficiencyofinternationaltradeandsimplifytheprocessandstages.

Thepreviousversion,therulesaredividedintofourcategories,but11incoterms2010predefinedtermsbasedonthedeliverymethodonlycanbedividedintotwocategories.Therulesofalargergroupofseven（g7）canbeinformsThechoppedofThemethodoftransmission,andasmallgroupoffourappliesonlytoThesales,onlyinvolvesThetransportofwatercanverifyTheconditionofThegoodsTheloadedonboardTheship.Theythereforeisnot2forcontainertransportation.

Table–Allocationsofcostbuyer/selleraccordingtoIncoterms2010

EXWisexfactory（placeofdelivery）.Wheretheword'

sbiggestobligationtothebuyerandtheseller'

sminimumobligations.Thebuyerwillpaythecostofmanyparts,suchastheexportdeclaration,transportation,portofexport,etc.

FCAisfreecarrier（designatedplaceofdelivery）,thesellerisresponsiblefortheshipment,thecarrierofthebuyer,thebuyerisresponsibleforunloadingandloadingthegoodstothecarrier.Whenthegoodsdeliveredtothecarrier,theriskwilltransferthebuyer.

TheCPTiscarriagepaidto（destination）isresponsiblefortheoriginoftheshippercostincludestransportationexportcustomsclearanceandfreightnamedplace（usuallyadestinationportorairport）.Theshipperisnotresponsiblefordeliverytothefinaldestination（usuallythebuyer'

sfacilities）,ortobuyinsurance.

CIPisthefreightandinsurancepaidto（designateddestination）,thesellerisresponsibleformost,suchastheexportcustomsdeclarationform,loadingandunloadingchargesattheportofimportandexport.Insuranceistheresponsibilityoftheseller.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

ThedeliveryDATisterminal（designateddestination）,theselleristocoverallshippingcostssuchasexportcharges,transportation,unloadingfromthemaincarrierattheportofdestinationandthedestinationportcost.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

Bounceis（specifythedestinationofdelivery）,thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingtransportationanddeliveryofgoods,fromtraffictoolsreadyatdischarge,atthespecifiedplace.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

DDPdeliverydutypaid（designateddestination）,thesellerisresponsibleforthegoodssenttothedesignatedplaceinChinabuyers,thegoodstothedestinationandpayallfeesincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Wheretheword'

slargestresponsibilityonthesellerandthebuyerminimumobligation.

\

3.0Technicalreport3---Consolidationandgroupagearrangements

Chart–Consolidationandgroupagearrangements

Definitionof

Groupage

Tofillawholeboxofgoodsreceipts.Thiskindofgoodsusuallybythecarrier,respectively,inlandfreightandincontainerfreightstationorfreightstation,andthenwillbemorethantwoticketcargoinacontainer,alsowanttostandatthedestinationofinlandcontainerdepotordevanningdeliveryrespectively.Forthiskingofgoods,thecarriershouldaffordtoboxingandunboxingoperations,loading