英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习.docx
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
★清华大学★英语系测试:
为中学英语量身定做.
官方网站:
清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1.主语(subject):
句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast(名词) Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词) Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
2.谓语(predicate):
是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
WestudyEnglish. Heisasleep.
(二).选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall. A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
3.表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher. (名词) Seventy-four!
Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词) Heisasleep. (形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词) Thepictureisonthewall. (介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost. (形容词化的分词)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有:
be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)……
Itsoundsagoodidea. Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet. Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious. Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen. NowIfeeltired.
(三)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired. ②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow. ④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
4.宾语:
1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:
IlikeChina.(名词) Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneedtwo.(数词)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式) Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
5.宾补:
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor. (名词) Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
6.定语:
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
(六)挑出下列句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.
②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
7.状语:
用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow. Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather. HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam. Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam. Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
(七)挑出下列句中的状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherbo