中考英语从句讲解及习题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.
Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?
MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.
Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.
Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom
whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。
Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。
Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从中。
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。
Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
【中考范例】
1.(2011年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?
---Yes,hedoes.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who
2.(2011年常州市中考试题)
Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that
3.(2011年扬州市中考试题)
---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?
---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.
A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which
4.(2011年益阳市中考试题)
Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who
【满分演练】
一.单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.
A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace
_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.there
B.when
C.where
D.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where
13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.
15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
2初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。
PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What‘sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
练习题
I.单项填空
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?
-Yes,he‘sourheadmaster.
A.heB.
who
C.which
D.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?
A.which
B.inwhich
C.that
D.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
A.where
B.which
D.it
4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?
A.thatyoubought
B.youboughtit
C.thatyouboughtit
D.whichyouboughtit
5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagrees
B.whoagree
C.whoagrees
D.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.that
B.it
who
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who‘s
B.whose
ofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which;
is
B.whom;
was
C.who;
D.who;
was
9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
D.who
10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatwelive
B.onwhichwelive
C.wherewelivein
D.welivein
Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。
1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.
5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?
3宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或
形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.